个人信息保护“入典”:体系功能及其与专门立法的关系

The Incorporation of Personal Information Protection into the Civil Code:The Function of the System and Its Relationship with Special Legislation

个人信息保护“入典”是我国民事立法的创举。在专门立法之外,将个人信息保护的核心规范写入《民法典》,不仅可为个人信息的私法保护提供明确依据,还具有价值指引功能、体系解释功能和权利孵化功能。《民法典》人格权益保护的价值取向为个人信息的私法保护提供了根本性的评价基准,在其指引下,个人信息保护的具体规则可在《民法典》中得以体系化的解释和适用。《民法典》围绕个人信息自决,针对个人信息处理行为,初步形成了具体权利内容,为个人信息权利的体系化发展奠定了基础。与《民法典》的个人信息保护规范相比,《个人信息保护法》在调整对象上大同小异,但在保护方式上存在递增,其通过公法手段保护的个人权利仍然具有私权属性。该项专门法律属于领域立法,兼具公法和私法属性。个人信息的公法保护与私法保护同等重要,个人信息保护的体系性也将在两者联动中得以加强。

The incorporation of personal information protection into the Civil Code is an innovation in our civil legislation.In addition to special legislation,the inclusion of the core norms of personal information protection in the Civil Code provides a clear basis for the private law protection of personal information,and also has the function of value guidance,systematic interpretation and rights incubation.The value orientation of the protection of personal rights and interests in the Civil Code provides a fundamental evaluation benchmark for the private law protection of personal information.Under its guidance,the specific rules of personal information protection can be systematically interpreted and applied in the Civil Code.The Civil Code has laid a foundation for the systematic development of personal information rights by initially forming the content of specific rights around the self-determination of personal information and for the act of handling personal information.Compared with the regulations of personal information protection in the Civil Code,the Personal Information Protection Law is similar in terms of adjustment objects but incremental in terms of protection methods,and the individual rights it protects by means of public law still have the attributes of private rights.This special law is a field legislation,which has the attributes of both public law and private law.The protection of personal information in public law and private law is equally important,and the systemic nature of personal information protection will be strengthened through the linkage of the two.