明式家具的功能适应性及其设计中的“体用”思想探讨

Study on the Functional Adaptability of Ming-Style Furniture and the“Body&Function”Theory in Its Design

文章旨在探讨明式家具的功能适应性及其设计原理。通过展示历史上明式家具的功能和空间陈设,从明式家具的功能适应性特征入手,通过数据归纳和图示分析探索明式家具的设计规律,并通过儒道哲学对其进行解读,论证“体用”思想与明式家具功能适应性的关系。分析出“体用”思想在明式家具设计中体现为三个层面:家具是作为一个整体的体系而不只是个体来看待和设计;家具可以划分为三类基本的“用”;家具具体的“用”与不同的尺寸标准息息相关。推导出“体用”思想中蕴含着动态秩序观、可持续发展和人文关怀导向以及“本末”理念,对当代设计具有重要的借鉴意义。

This paper aims to study Ming-style furniture’s functional adaptability and its design theory.Through exhibiting Mingstyle furniture’s functions and spatial arrangement in history,it starts with the phenomenon of Ming-style furniture’s functional adaptability.And by exploring the design rules of Ming-style furniture through data induction and graphic analysis and decoding them with Confucian and Taoist philosophy,it expounds on the relationship between the“body&function”theory and Ming-style furniture’s functional adaptability.The analysis shows that,the“body&function”theory is revealed in the design of Ming-style furniture at three levels:first,furniture is above all treated as a whole system rather than an individuality.Second,there are three basic functions about furniture.Third,furniture’s functions are related with different size standards.On top of that,this paper deduces that the“body&function”theory contains a dynamic view of order,principles of sustainable development and humanistic care orientation,as well as the concept of“the end of the world”,which has important reference significance for contemporary design.