艺术能力的发生:艺术起源的神经美学路径

The Occurrence of Artistic Ability:A Neuroaesthetic Approach to the Origin of Art

艺术起源研究包括两个方面:一是艺术在历史尺度上产生于何时,二是艺术如何发生。然而,艺术起源的时间作为一个最外层的表征,是艺术能力的发生决定的,即包含于艺术能力的发生。当前的艺术起源研究也是指向支撑艺术得以发生的能力。神经美学是以实验实证的方式在个体微观层面上的田野调查,是以个体的艺术感知为研究对象,在艺术感知的过程之中探讨艺术的发生机制。非即时性是人与动物的本质区别。动物的情感表达是即时性的动作表情,而人类则具有非即时性的动作想象,艺术作为人的非即时性产物正是动作想象的物化,而这也是艺术的形式被赋予意味的过程。因此,动作想象是艺术发生的关键能力之一。以动作想象为核心的神经美学研究一定程度上能够解释艺术之能力及其发生机制。

Researches on the origin of art includes two aspects:one is when art came into being in history,and the other is how it happened.However,as the outermost representation,the time of the origin of art is determined by the occurrence of artistic ability,so it is also embedded in the occurrence of artistic ability.The current researches on the origin of art also indicate the ability to make artistic occurrence possible.Neuroaesthetics is a kind of fieldwork at the micro-individual level in the way of experimental demonstration.It takes individual art perception as the research object to explore the occurrence mechanism of art in the process of art perception.Nonpresent is the essential difference between human beings and animals.Animals’emotional expression is a kind of present motor expression,while human beings have nonpresent motor imageries.As a nonpresent product of human beings,art is the materialization of motor imagery,which is also the process in which the form of art is endowed with significance.Therefore,motor imagery is one of the key abilities of art.With motor imagery as the core,the study of neuroaesthetics can explain the artistic ability and its mechanism to a certain extent.