脱胎与再造:通剧形成的几个阶段

Rebirth and Reconstruction:Several Stages in the Formation of Tongju Opera

新中国成立后,南通的童子戏在戏改背景下脱胎而出,淡化了仪式性,凸显了演艺性。南通市为了成立南通本地戏曲剧种,政府文化部门围绕剧团展开了童子戏改良和剧种剧团的初步建设,南通地方剧种“通剧”就此诞生,并开始一系列剧种实验。在通剧实验中,逐渐出现唱腔转向老腔与新旧兼顾的趋势,改革通剧逐渐确立“四定”标准,剧种体制和特色通过“实验通剧团”的艺术实践被再度确认。然而由于历史原因,通剧只经历了短暂的实验和发展阶段即遭禁演,剧团也被遣散。

After the founding of PRC,Nantong's Tong-zi-xi opera came into being in context of theatrical reform,which downplayed the ritual nature and highlighted the performance.In order to establish Nantong’s local opera genre,the cultural department of the government launched the project to improve Tong-zi-xi opera and to initiate the construction of its opera troupe.The local opera genre“Tongju opera”in Nantong thus was born,and a series of opera genre experiments were initiated.In Tongju-opera experiment,there is a trend in singing that returns to the old style and there is a coexistence of old and new styles.The reform of the Tongju opera gradually establishes the standard of“four determines”,and the system and characteristics of the opera are reconfirmed through the artistic practices of the“experimental Tongju-opera troupes”.However,due to historical reasons,after only a short period of experimentation and development,Tongju opera was banned and the troupes were also dismissed.