发酵小麦麸对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、免疫功能及粪便菌群的影响

Effects of Fermented Wheat Bran on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Fecal Microbiota of Weaned Piglets

本试验旨在研究发酵小麦麸对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、免疫功能及粪便菌群的影响。将12头35日龄的断奶仔猪随机分为2组(对照组和发酵组),每组6头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(含有10%未发酵小麦麸),发酵组饲喂以发酵小麦麸替代基础饲粮中未发酵小麦麸的试验饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,发酵组平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,发酵组干物质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、能量和磷的表观消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),粗蛋白质和钙的表观消化率有提高的趋势(P=0.099)。3)发酵组血浆中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),而免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。4)发酵组粪便中毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)、克雷白氏杆菌属(Klebsiella)、Pelomonas、Sphingopyxis、镰刀菌属(Fusicatenibacter)的相对丰度较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),镰孢菌属(Catenisphaera)和醋酸杆菌属(Acetitomaculum)的相对丰度较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加10%发酵小麦麸可显著提高断奶仔猪免疫功能,调节肠道菌群,而对生长性能及养分表观消化率没有负面影响。

This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of fermented wheat bran on the growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,immune function and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets.Twelve healthy 35-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into two groups with 6 pigs per group(n=6).Piglets in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in fermentation group were fed a test diet with 10%fermented wheat bran instead of unfermented wheat bran in the basal diet.The pre-trial period lasted for 3 days and the experimental period lasted for 28 days.The results are as follows:1)compared with the control group,the average daily feed intake(ADFI),average daily gain(ADG)and feed to gain ratio(F/G)of the fermentation group were not significantly different(P>0.05).2)There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of the dry matter(DM),crude fat(EE),crude fiber(CF),energy and phosphorus(P)in the fermentation group(P>0.05),while the apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP)and calcium(Ca)in the fermentation group tended to increase compared with the control group(P=0.099).3)The contents of plasma interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in the fermentation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)content in the fermentation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).4)The relative abundances of Lachnospira,Klebsiella,Pelomonas,Sphingopyxis and Fusicatenibacter of feces in the fermentation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Catenisphaera and Acetitomaculum of feces in the fermentation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).In summary,adding 10%fermented wheat bran to the diet can significantly improve the immune function of piglets and regulate the intestinal flora without adversely affecting growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility.