油橄榄耐酸砧木品种及其高成活率嫁接组合筛选

Selection of Acid-tolerant Rootstocks and Grafting Combinations of Olea europaea Cultivars

选择适宜在酸性土壤种植的嫁接组合是油橄榄Olea europaea在我国南方进一步发展的重要前提。本研究对15个油橄榄品种进行了耐酸性评价,并以耐酸性和生根力强的品种为砧木筛选成活率高的嫁接组合。结果显示,‘峥云’和‘中榄’在酸胁迫下根部生长(水培)、成活率、苗高生长量(盆栽)俱佳,扦插生根率高;以‘峥云’和‘中榄’为砧木分别嫁接6个油橄榄品种接穗,发现‘费切罗’和‘豆果’以‘峥云’为砧木、‘塔吉’‘佛选’和‘尼Ⅰ’以‘中榄’为砧木、‘佛奥’以‘峥云’或‘中榄’为砧木的嫁接成活率较高,适宜在我国南方红壤区推广栽植。进一步研究显示,以‘峥云’和‘中榄’为砧木嫁接后,接穗高度、叶长、叶宽及节间距减小,且以‘中榄’嫁接后减小幅度更大。‘佛选’/‘中榄’、‘豆果’/‘中榄’和‘尼Ⅰ’/‘中榄’3个组合的嫁接苗接穗上叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著下降、水分利用率提高。本研究为我国南方酸性土壤发展油橄榄生产提供了重要参考。

Experiments were conducted on acid tolerance and rooting capacity of 15 cultivars of Olea europaea,such as O.europaea‘Arbequina’,O.europaea‘Chenggu 32’,etc.in Hangzhou,Zhejiang province.The result demonstrated that O.europaea‘Zhengyun’and O.europaea‘Zhonglan’showed better root growth(hydroponics),high survival rate,seedling growth rate(pot culture)and rooting rate under acid stress.Using‘Zhengyun’and‘Zhonglan’as rootstocks,six other cultivars were grafted respectively.The test showed that‘Fecciaro’and‘Arbequina’with‘Zhengyun’as rootstock,‘Taggiasca’,‘Frantoio selezione’and‘NichiskiiⅠ’using‘Zhonglan’as rootstock,‘Frantoio’using‘Zhenyun’or‘Zhonglan’had higher survival rate.Further experiments showed that after grafted with‘Zhengyun’and/or‘Zhonglan’as rootstocks,the scion height,leaf size and internodal length were lower,especially grafting combination with‘Zhonglan’as rootstock.‘Frantoio selezione’/‘Zhonglan’,‘Arbequina’/‘Zhonglan’and‘NichiskiiⅠ’/‘Zhonglan’had reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration rate,and increased water use efficiency.