云南玉溪抚仙湖国家湿地公园维管束植物区系特征分析

Characteristics of the Flora of Vascular Plants in Fuxian Lake National Wetland Park

抚仙湖是云南省九大高原湖泊之一。2017—2019年期间,在多次野外调查的基础上,结合相关资料对云南玉溪抚仙湖国家湿地公园(以下简称抚仙湖湿地)内的植物进行统计并分析其植物区系的组成、性质及特点,为抚仙湖的保护和开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明,抚仙湖湿地共计有维管束植物128科316属470种,其中蕨类植物11科12属15种;裸子植物7科9属14种;双子叶植物88科228属350种;单子叶植物22科67属91种。在科的层次上,小科和中等科是构成该湿地区域科的主体,而以豆科Leguminosae、菊科Compositae、禾本科Poaceae为代表的9个大科和较大科共同构成了该湿地植物的优势科,主要分布类型以泛热带及世界分布为主。在属的层次上,抚仙湖湿地植物区系以泛热带成分和北温带分布成分占绝对优势,分别占总属数的19.7%和13.5%。在种的层次上,热带亚洲成分和中国特有成分是该湿地植物区系的主要组成部分。抚仙湖湿地植物分布区类型的组成表明此区植物资源的丰富性、生活型的多样性及科、属、种的热带性质的分布特点,也表明该湿地内中国特有种的丰富性,充分体现了该区的植物区系与其独特的地理位置和气候条件相适应。

Field surveys were carried out on vascular plant in Fuxian Lake National Wetland Park, Yunnan province from 2017 to 2019. The result showed that there were 470 species of 128 families and 316 genera. At the family level, small and medium families constituted the main part in the park, while 9 large and larger families represented by Leguminosae, Compositae and Poaceae were dominant families. Main distribution types were Pantropic and Cosmopolitan. At the level of genera, Pantropic and north accounted for 19.7% and 13.5% of the total genera. The composition of plant distribution types in Fuxian Lake National Wetland Park indicated the abundance of plant resources, the diversity of life types, and the distribution characteristics of tropical family, genus and species.