跨语言视角下的两类局域性条件

Two types of locality conditions from a cross-linguistic perspective

生成语法的最简方案框架包含语段阻隔条件和相对最简条件两个局域性条件。这两个条件是人类语言运算系统达成运算简约性的重要工具,而二者能否进一步归纳合并对达成人类语言运算系统的最优设计和精简句法理论具有重要意义。本文以法语附着化、英语量化提升以及汉语副词“分别”引导的映射分布解读为切入点,借由考察跨语言中的局域性现象,探究两种局域性条件的异同。本文主张两种局域性条件都是人类语言运算系统中的必要组成部分。语段阻隔条件限制句法运算,而相对最简条件限制语义运算。因此,两种局域性条件作用于不同的运算层面,二者分工不同,缺一不可。

The Phase Impenetrability Condition(PIC)and the Relativized Minimality Condition(RMC)are two fundamental constraints in Minimalist syntax.These conditions are necessary for the simplicity of the computations of human language,but whether the two conditions can be unified is vital for a better understanding of the optimal design of the computational system of human language as well as for the simplification of the syntactic theory.The current study investigates the differences and interactions between the two locality conditions from a cross-linguistic perspective.Based on the applications of the two conditions to the cliticization in French,quantifier raising in English,and the respectively-interpretation of(分别)in Chinese,it is argued that both conditions are indispensable for the computational system of human language.PIC constrains syntactic computations,whereas RMC constrains semantic computations.Given their applications to different computational components,these two conditions cannot be unified.