语言测试的公平性:内涵、公平观及研究启示

Test fairness:Conceptualization,perspectives,and implications

考试是迄今为止所实施的相对公平的人才选拔制度,对守护教育及社会公平起到了至关重要的作用。本文在回顾语言测试公平性内涵的基础上,梳理了学界主流的公平观,即"标准"观、论证观和伦理道德观,以及相应的研究进展。本文指出,为保证语言测试的公平性和科学性,学界需继续探究如何处理测试公平性与效度的关系,如何对本土语言考试项目的公平性进行研究,以及如何在测试公平性研究中引入涉考者视角并对其予以关切。

Tests,as talent selection and screening instruments,are relatively fair mechanisms implemented widely in the contemporary world and play a pivotal role in ensuring educational fairness and social justice.Following the introduction of the conceptualization of test fairness,this article reviews the approaches to exploring test fairness(i.e.standards-based,argument-based,and ethics-based approaches)as well as research along those lines.The article concludes with recommendations of avenues for further research.Specifically,researchers need to examine the relationship between test fairness and validity when conducting test fairness research.In addition,research on the fairness of local language tests is highly encouraged.Further,the perspectives of various stakeholders could be incorporated into the investigation of test fairness.