食品中新烟碱类杀虫剂污染与控制研究进展

Research progress on pollution and control of neonicotinoid insecticides in food

新烟碱类杀虫剂的问世给世界农业、畜牧业带来空前影响,在全球杀虫剂市场占有率达25%,然而新烟碱类杀虫剂可以对人类健康产生不利影响,其大量使用导致的食品污染引起了人们更多的关注与研究。目前国内外关于新烟碱类杀虫剂在食品中残留现状的研究调查报道较少,对于新烟碱类杀虫剂在食品中的危害和防治没有系统研究,本文查阅现有的研究文献,从新烟碱类杀虫剂在蔬菜、水果、水产品、粮食、茶叶和肉制品中的残留危害等方面进行阐述,针对存在的问题和不足提出了合理化建议,同时详细总结了新烟碱类杀虫剂相关的物理、化学和微生物治理技术,并对其发展前景进行了展望,为新烟碱类杀虫剂在食品中污染的综合风险评价、科学管理和合理利用提供有效参考。

The discovery of neonicotinoid insecticides has had an unprecedented impact on world agriculture and livestock production,with a 25%share in the global insecticide market.However,neonicotinoid insecticides can adversely affect human health,and the food contamination caused by their massive using attracted more attention and research.There are fewer reports on the status of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in food at domestic or international levels.There is no systematic research on the hazards and prevention of neonicotinoid pesticides in food.This paper reviewed the existing research literature and elaborates on the residual risks of neonicotinoid insecticides in vegetables,fruits,aquatic products,grains,tea,and meat products,and put forward rationalized suggestions for the existing problems and shortcomings.The paper also summarized the physical,chemical,and microbial treatment technologies related to neonicotinoids.It provided a prospect for their development,which will offer a practical reference for the comprehensive risk evaluation,scientific management,and rational utilization of neonicotinoid contamination in food.