D-甲硫氨酸通过降低环二鸟苷酸清除牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜

D-methionine eradicates Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms by suppressing the cyclic di-GMP level

目的探讨D-甲硫氨酸(D-methionine,D-Met)通过调控环二鸟苷酸(cyclic diguanosine monophosphate,c-di-GMP)清除牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜的作用机制。方法通过细胞活性、最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)实验确定D-Met的有效浓度。分别在牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜形成抑制实验和成熟生物膜裂解实验中加入不同浓度的D-Met,检测生物膜生物量、胞外多糖量、生物膜形态、细胞膜完整性以及c-di-GMP的含量变化。结果 D-Met <40 mmol/L为生物安全浓度。在生物膜形成抑制和成熟生物膜裂解实验中,D-Met≥20 mmol/L降低了生物膜生物量和胞外多糖量。扫描电镜结果显示,D-Met≥20 mmol/L时,细胞外基质和细菌密度显著降低。透射电镜结果表明,35 mmol/L D-Met在生物膜形成过程中导致了细胞膜破裂,并增加了成熟生物膜裂解时细胞膜的通透性。Cdi-GMP水平随着D-Met浓度的增加而降低,呈浓度依赖性。结论 D-Met≥20 mmol/L可通过抑制c-di-GMP水平清除牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜。

Objective To investigate the mechanisms by which D-methionine(D-Met) eradicates Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms by suppressing cyclic dimeric GMP(c-di-GMP) levels. Methods Cell viability, minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were measured to determine the effective concentrations of D-Met, which were subsequently used in the following experiments. During the P. gingivalis biofilm formation inhibition experiment and the mature biofilm disassembly experiment, biofilm biomass, exopolysaccharide(EPS), biofilm morphology, integrity of the cell membrane, and the level of c-di-GMP were determined. Results D-Met < 40 mmol/L was biocompatible. During the biofilm formation inhibition and mature biofilm disassembly experiments, D-Met ≥ 20 mmol/L decreased the biofilm biomass and the production of EPS. SEM analysis showed that the extracellular matrix and bacterial density were drastically reduced by D-Met ≥ 20 mmol/L. TEM detection showed that 35 mmol/L D-Met ruptured the cell membrane during biofilm formation and increased the permeability of the cell membrane in the disassembly phase of mature biofilms. C-di-GMP levels decreased with increasing concentrations of D-Met in a concentrationdependent manner. Conclusion D-Met ≥ 20 mmol/L could eradicate P. gingivalis biofilms by suppressing c-di-GMP levels.