生态系统多功能性对全球变化的响应:进展、问题与展望

Responses of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change:progress,problem and prospect

全球变化所包含的土地利用和气候等因素的改变,将对生产力、养分循环等生态系统功能产生重要的影响。以往研究大多只关注全球变化对单一功能的影响,即使同时测定多种功能也是进行独立的分析。但由于不同功能间常常存在的权衡或协同关系,导致基于单个功能的探讨难以反映全球变化对生态系统多功能性(EMF)的影响,从而限制了人们对于全球变化影响的全面认识和评估。早在2007年,Hector和Bagchi首次量化EMF,该领域才开始受到广泛关注。在此之后,EMF量化方法的不断完善,极大地推动了该领域的发展。近年来,全球变化对EMF的影响也被广泛关注。为系统梳理该领域的研究进展,该文基于中国知网、ISI Web of Science等当前常用的学术期刊数据库,检索2007–2020年的相关文献并进行计量分析,系统归纳出该领域的发展现状。在此基础上,详细阐述目前关注较多的土地利用变化、气温升高、降水改变以及氮沉降对EMF的影响,并针对现有研究中存在的问题,提出未来所需关注的6个方向:(1)规范EMF量化体系;(2)关注全球变化背景下多因子交互效应;(3)不同时间尺度下EMF对全球变化的响应;(4)全球变化背景下多维度、多尺度生物多样性与EMF;(5)全球变化背景下多营养级多样性与EMF;(6)全球变化背景下根系功能性状与EMF。

Global change has exerted profound impacts on ecosystem function,such as variations in plant productivity and imbalances in nutrient cycling.Previous studies mostly focused on the impacts of global change on individual functions.However,ecosystems have multiple functions,known as ecosystem multifunctionality(EMF),such that the evaluation based on a single functionality is inappropriate to reflect the overall performance of ecosystems due to the occurrence of trade-offs or synergies among the differential functions.This imposes limitation to our understanding of the effects of global change on ecosystems.Since the initial quantitative study of EMF by Hector and Bagchi in 2007,this field of research has undergone rapid development and the environmental impacts on EMF have received wide attention with intensification of global change.In order to gain systematic understanding of the progress in EMF studies,we conducted a bibliometric analysis for the period 2007–2020 based on CNKI and ISI Web of Science databases.This paper provides a brief description of the development in EMF research and summary of studies concerning the impacts of land use change,warming,changes in precipitation,and nitrogen deposition on EMF.We raised six issues of further attention in future studies of EMF in the context of global change,including(1)requirement of consensus in EMF indices and evaluation method;(2)consideration on the interactive effects among different factors on EMF;(3)elucidation of EMF responses to global change across various temporal scales;(4)understanding of the relationships between multi-dimensional,multi-scale biodiversity and EMF;(5)understanding of the relationships between multiple trophic diversity and EMF;and(6)understanding of the relationships between root functional traits and EMF.