IgG4的免疫学作用及相关疾病发病机制的研究进展

Research progress of IgG4 immune effect and related disease pathogenesis

免疫球蛋白G4(immunoglobin G4,IgG4)在IgG的4种亚型中血清浓度最低,但其抗原结合片段(fragment of antigen binding,Fab)臂交换、弱激活补体1q(complement 1q,C1q)以及结晶片段(fragment crystallizable,Fc)-Fc交互等特点使其具有独特的抗炎保护作用。自从发现在自身免疫性胰腺炎患者血清IgG4异常升高后,很多疾病被发现存在血清IgG4异常升高的情况。近年来的研究热点更多集中于IgG4在体内的免疫作用和IgG4相关疾病的病理学因素、发病机制和临床诊断上。文章将以IgG4为出发点,综述IgG4的结构和功能特点、IgG4的免疫作用、IgG4升高疾病及最新的发病机制。

Immunoglobin G4(IgG4)has the lowest serum concentration among the four subtypes of IgG,but its Fab arm exchange,activation of C1q,FcγR and FC-FC interaction make it play a unique anti-inflammatory protective role.Since the abnormal levels of serum IgG4 in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis,abnormal levels of serum IgG4 have been found in more and more diseases,which can be roughly divided into IgG4-related diseases,autoimmune diseases,and other diseases.In recent years,the research focus has been more focused on IgG4's immune effect in vivo and the pathological factors,pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis of IgG4-related diseases.In this paper,we will review the structure and function of IgG4,the immune function of IgG4,the research progress of IgG4 elevated diseases and the latest pathogenesis.