碳点对重金属离子检测的研究进展

Research progress on the detection of heavy metal ions by carbon dots

随着经济的飞速发展,工业生产所产生的废水也越来越多,尤其是含重金属的工业废水产生的环境污染问题日益突出,已造成极大的安全隐患、环境压力和经济负担.碳点(CDs)作为一种新兴的纳米荧光材料,具有水分散性良好、毒性低、易于表面修饰及光学性质稳定等特点,被广泛应用到重金属离子的检测中.本综述将按照CDs对重金属离子检测的种类和机理进行阐述,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望.

With the rapid development of economy,there are more and more wastewater produced by industrial production,especially the environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater containing heavy metals,which has caused great potential safety hazards,environmental pressure and economic burden.The traditional detection methods of heavy metal ions mainly include atomic spectrometry,chromatography,electrochemistry,mass spectrometry,etc.Although they can accurately detect a variety of ions at the same time,they are not suitable for on-site detection due to the need for large and expensive equipment and instruments,complex sample pretreatment and long inspection time.Therefore,in order to meet the sensitive detection of heavy metal ions in the field,it is necessary to construct a more rapid and simple analysis method.As a new nano fluorescent material,carbon dots(CDs)are widely used in the detection of heavy metal ions,such as Fe^(2+),Fe^(2+),Cu^(2+),Hg^(2+),Cr(Ⅵ),Co^(2+),Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+),due to their good water dispersibility,low toxicity,easy surface modification and stable optical properties.As a probe for the detection of heavy metal ions,CDs mainly use the fluorescence quenching or fluorescence enhancement effect of heavy metal ions on CDs.In this paper,according to these two situations,the types and mechanisms of CDs detection of heavy metal ions are reviewed.At the same time,it is considered that the development of heavy metal ion sensor with fluorescence enhancement as detection signal will be the direction of future development.In addition,combined with intelligent software and smart phones,it will be the future development trend to establish a convenient,fast,low-energy,low-cost,high-throughput analysis and detection method,and to provide convenient and fast detection strategies for heavy metal ion detection.