被害人承诺在故意伤害罪中的规范限度

The Standard Limit of Victim's Promise in the Crime of Intentional Injury

为限制被害人承诺在故意伤害罪中的有效性,学界以善良风俗或者伤害程度为由进行的尝试,都因根本上缺乏立法支持而不具可行性。我国刑事立法和司法实践对生命法益予以严格保护,当重伤行为严重危及被害人的生命时,被害人承诺不能阻却行为的违法性,以实现法律对于生命权的周延保护。我国刑法采用了“单一制”的共同犯罪立法体例,现行《刑法》第232条关于“故意杀人的”的概括性规定包含实行、教唆、帮助以及同意杀人等多种侵害他人生命的行为,为本文以“严重危及生命的重伤行为”作为故意伤害罪中被害人承诺有效与否的界分标准提供了规范支撑,由此得出的解释结论也能与现行《刑法》关于组织出卖人体器官罪和无过当防卫权的规定保持规范语义上的一致性。

In order to limit the validity of the victim's promise in the Crime of Intentional Injury,the academic attempts that based on the good customs or the degree of injury are not feasible due to the lack of legislative support.China's criminal legislation and judicial practice strictly protect the legal interest of life.When the serious injury has seriously endangered the life of the victim,the victim's commitment to the injury is invalid,so as to realize the comprehensive protection of the right to life.China's Criminal Law adopts the“Einheitst tersystem”of joint criminal legislation,and the general provision of Article 232 of the current Criminal Law on“intentional homicide”includes a variety of acts against the lives of others,such as committing,abetting,aiding,and agreeing to kill.The conclusion drawn from this article can also maintain the semantic consistency with the provisions of the current Criminal Law on the Crime of Organizing the Sale of Human Organs and the right of defense without excess.