指导性案例参照中的类案判断尺度:内部证成与外部证成

Criteria for Judging Similar Cases in the Reference of Guiding Cases:Internal Justification and External Justification

内部证成决定了案件审判逻辑结构的正确,外部证成决定了案件逻辑适用前提的正确。对内部证成和外部证成相似性的比较,是确保待决案件与指导性案例存在类似关系的重要前提。一些待决案件与指导性案例虽然在案情方面看起来相似,但在具体法律证成中存在根本差异。由于在本质上没有类案关系,参照指导性案例对这些待决案件做出裁判是错误的,这不仅会导致个案中的司法不公,造成“异案同判”,甚至会破坏整个指导性案例的参照系统。只有当待决案件与指导性案例的内部、外部证成均具有相似性时,才可以在“依法裁判”的基础上,参照指导性案例达到“同案同判”的目的。

Internal justification determines the correctness of the logical structure of the case trial,and external justification determines the correctness of the preconditions for the application of the logic of the case.The comparison of the similarity between internal justification and external justification is an important prerequisite for ensuring that there is a case-like relationship between pending cases and guiding cases.Some pending cases and guiding cases only look similar on the merits,but there are fundamental differences in specific legal justifications.These cases are not related to the Guiding Cases,and it is wrong to refer to the Guiding Cases to make judgments on them.This will not only lead to judicial injustice in individual cases,but also trigger other chain reactions,which will damage the entire guiding case reference system.Only when the internal justification and external justification of the pending case and the guiding case are similar can the guiding case be referred to achieve the goal of“simultaneous judgment in the same case”.