非正常上访行为刑法规制的反思与限缩——以2018—2019年间的320份裁判文书为样本

Rethinking and Limiting the Criminal Law System for Abnormal Petitions——Take 320 Judgment Documents from 2018 to 2019 as a Sample

"事出有因"较之"无理取闹"直接影响了犯罪动机的恶劣程度,进而拉低了主观罪责的基准线。在刑法未明确将受过行政处罚后再次实施相同行为规定为入罪条件的情况下,司法实践中不能任意将之扩大解释为入罪条件。针对"迫使他人交付财物"型的强拿硬要,不必过于纠结寻衅滋事罪与敲诈勒索罪的区别,而应将注意力转移至想象竞合关系上来。判断上访索财"可谴责性"的关键在于行为人索财的目的是否合理,手段与目的是否相当。因信访所遭受的"威胁""要挟"等不利状态,本身就是法治政府所应承受之重,政府不会因此而陷入精神强制。国家机关工作秩序不应是"多个机关"工作秩序的集合,否则会得出"不影响任何一个国家机关工作正常开展的(多次)违法行为等同于导致国家机关工作无法正常开展的犯罪(扰乱)行为"的错误结论。如果不延展"故意+过失"的适用范围或"明知"的内涵,依照传统罪过理论无法妥善应对"造成严重后果"与责任主义原则相统一的关系。

Compared with"unreasonable making trouble",it directly affects the severity of criminal motives and lowers the baseline of subjective culpability.In the case that the criminal law does not clearly stipulate that the same behavior is convicted again after receiving administrative punishment,it is not only judicial interpretation The interpretation cannot be arbitrarily expanded as the guilty conditions,and the trial practice cannot be generalized.Regarding the hard-line"forcing others to deliver property",criminal law theory and judicial practice need not be too entangled between the crime of provoking trouble and the crime of extortion.Instead,we should turn our attention to imagining the relationship of competition and cooperation.The key to judging the"condemability"of petitioning for money lies in whether the purpose of the actor’s request for money is reasonable,and whether there is a relationship between the means and behavior and the desired goal.The"threat"or"coercion"of the unfavorable state of the letter and visit is itself a burden that the rule of law government should bear,and the government cannot fall into mental coercion due to personal threats or coercion.The work order of state agencies should not be the same.A collection of"multiple agencies"work order,otherwise it will lead to the wrong conclusion that"the(multiple)illegal activities that do not affect the normal work of any one state agency are equivalent to the crime(disturbance)behavior that causes the state agency’s work to be unable to perform normally".If the scope of application of"intentional+negligence"or the connotation of"knowingly"is not extended,the traditional theory of sin cannot properly deal with the relationship between"causing serious consequences"and the principle of liability.