民国时期蒙古救济委员会始末初探

Study on the History of Mongolian Relief Committee during the Republic of China

1931年东北沦陷后,国民政府为安抚流亡北平的一批蒙古王公和青年,成立蒙古救济委员会,并由军事委员会北平分会承担该机构的经费运转,还出台相关组织规程,在相当程度上巩固了蒙古士人与中央政权团结一致共御外侮的决心。蒙古救济委员会成立不久,国民政府对日政策调整,与日签订《塘沽协定》,成立针对接收原为日占区的行政院驻平政务整理委员会,蒙古救济委员会改隶其下。实际上,国民政府此时已无心继续供养这一机构的群体,遂于1933年年底提出解散该组织。因经费问题一时难得解决,蒙古救济委员会的真正结束日期已拖至1934年11月。该机构的取消,并未在驻平蒙古王公中产生较大的震荡,因此间绝大多数成员都以边事顾问等名义重新安置。蒙古救济委员会的历史作用值得肯定。

After the fall of northeast China in 1931, the national government established the Mongolian Relief Committee for the Mongolian nobility and youth in exile in Beijing, which was funded by the Beijing branch of military commission and operated under government policy. To some extent, it strengthened the unity of Mongolians and central government against foreign aggression. Shortly after the establishment, the national government adjusted its policy toward Japan signing the Tanggu Agreement and set up the Administrative Affairs Consolidation Committee in Peking to take over the administrative institute of former Japanese-occupied area. Mongolian Relief Committee was affiliated to the new committee and, in fact, the national government was then incapable to sustain the relief organization and offered to dissolve it at the end of the year. The actual ending date of the Mongolian Relief Committee was delayed until November 1934 because of the difficulty in resolving financial problems.The historical function of Mongolian Relief Committee deserves affirmation.