2020年云南省儿童和孕妇碘营养现况调查

Iodine nutrition status of children and pregnant women in Yunnan Province in 2020

目的了解云南省儿童和孕妇食用盐碘和尿碘含量,评价碘营养状况,为科学防治碘缺乏病提供依据。方法2020年11-12月,在云南省的16个州(市),每个州(市)抽取1个县(市),每个县(市)抽取2个乡(镇、街道),每个乡(镇、街道)抽取2个村(居委会)作为调查点。在每个村(居委会)的小学各抽取20名8~10岁非寄宿儿童(男、女均衡),采集儿童家中食用盐盐样、尿样,每个县(市)共调查80名儿童;在所抽取的2个乡(镇、街道)各抽取20名孕妇,采集孕妇家中食用盐盐样、尿样,每个县(市)共调查40名孕妇。分别进行盐碘、尿碘含量测定。结果在云南省的16个县(市),共采集8~10岁儿童和孕妇家中食用盐盐样2009份、尿样2041份(儿童1375份、孕妇666份)。其中,盐碘中位数为26.0 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为100.0%(2009/2009),碘盐合格率为98.7%(1982/2009),合格碘盐食用率为98.7%(1982/2009),各县(市)间重点人群盐碘含量比较差异有统计学意义(H=258.98,P<0.01)。8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数为188.5μg/L,不同年龄儿童尿碘含量比较差异有统计学意义(H=29.45,P<0.01),不同性别儿童尿碘含量比较差异无统计学意义(H=1.43,P>0.05)。孕妇尿碘中位数为141.9μg/L,<150μg/L的占52.1%(347/666),各县(市)间孕妇尿碘含量比较差异有统计学意义(H=88.32,P<0.01)。结论云南省重点人群碘盐合格率、碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率均在90%以上,碘盐供应良好;8~10岁儿童碘营养处于适宜水平(100~199μg/L),孕妇碘营养处于碘缺乏状态(<150μg/L)。建议加强重点人群碘缺乏病监测和健康教育工作,提高居民防病意识,做到科学补碘。

Objective To understand the contents of edible salt iodine and urinary iodine of children and pregnant women in Yunnan Province,and to evaluate the iodine nutrition status,so as to provide a basis for scientific prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD).Methods From November to December 2020,one county(city)was selected from each prefecture(city),two townships(towns and streets)were selected from each county(city)and two villages(neighborhood committees)were selected from each township(town and street)from each of the 16 prefectures(cities)in Yunnan Province as the investigation sites.A total of 20 non-boarding children(male and female balanced)aged 8-10 years old were selected from each primary school in each village(neighborhood committee)to collect salt and urine samples.A total of 80 children were investigated in each county(city).A total of 20 pregnant women were selected from each township(town and street)to collect salt and urine samples.A total of 40 pregnant women were investigated in each county(city).All salt samples and urine samples were tested for iodine contents.Results A total of 2009 salt samples and 2041 urine samples(1375 for children,666 for pregnant women)were collected from children aged 8-10 years old and pregnant women in 16 counties(cities)of Yunnan Province.Among them,the median salt iodine was 26.0 mg/kg,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 100.0%(2009/2009),the qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.7%(1982/2009),and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.7%(1982/2009).The difference of salt iodine content in key populations in different counties(cities)was statistically significant(H=258.98,P<0.01).The median urinary iodine of children aged 8-10 years old was 188.5μg/L.There was statistically significant difference in urinary iodine content among children of different ages(H=29.45,P<0.01),but there was no statistically significant difference in urinary iodine content among children of different genders(H=1.43,P>0.05).In addition,the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 141.9μg/L,52.1%(347/666)was<150μg/L.There was statistically significant difference in urinary iodine content of pregnant women in different counties(cities,H=88.32,P<0.01).Conclusions The qualified rate of iodized salt,the coverage rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in key populations of Yunnan Province are more than 90%,and the iodized salt supply is good.Iodine nutrition of children aged 8-10 years old is at an appropriate level(100-199μg/L);iodine nutrition of pregnant women is in an state of iodine deficiency(<150μg/L).It is suggested to strengthen IDD monitoring and health education among key populations,improve residents'awareness of disease prevention,and make scientific iodine supplementation.