美国“校长职业管道项目”(PPI)下的一体化校长支持模式研究

Consistent Principal Support Model under the"Principal Pipeline Initiative"in the US

"为每所学校配备优秀校长"是21世纪以来美国实现教育公平与优质的重要手段,其基本思想是通过为每位校长提供有效支持,提升其效能,进而使得所有校长都能成长为优秀校长和有效校长。由美国华莱士基金会发起的"校长职业管道项目"(PPI),通过联结"制定标准""职前培训""选拔与安置""在职评估与支持"四个校长队伍建设的基本环节,创建了新型的校长支持模式,并形成了有效的校长专业发展和优秀校长资源合理配置路径,对于学生成绩的提升、校长效能的提高以及优秀校长的留职等都产生了积极影响。美国"校长职业管道项目"可以在以下三个方面提供经验借鉴:(1)创建校长专属的职业发展通道,(2)形成"量体裁衣"式的校长专业培训模式,(3)建立科学公正的支持性校长效能评价机制。

"Providing every school with excellent principal"is an important strategy for the United States to achieve fairness and quality in education since the 21 st century.Its basic thought is to improve every principal’s effectiveness through providing them with effective support,and finally make all principals great and effective.The American"Principal Pipeline Initiative"(PPI)conducted by the Wallace Foundation has created a new principal support system through connecting four basic components of principal troops construction:standard setting,pre-employment training,selection and placement,on-the-job evaluation and support.This new principal support model has formed an effective approach of principal professional development and rational allocation of great principal resources,which has a positive impact on student performance,principal’s leadership effectiveness improvement and principal retention.PPI can provide insights and enlightenments in three aspects:(1)create a professional development pipeline exclusive for principals;(2)form a professional training system for principals which can act according to actual circumstances;(3)build a scientific,equal and supportive evaluating system for principal effectiveness.