美国研究生STEM教育发展趋势及应对策略——基于《面向21世纪的研究生STEM教育》的分析

The Trend and Strategy Research of U.S.Graduate STEM Education——Analysis of the Report of Graduate STEM Education Facing the 21st Century

研究生STEM教育对国家科学发展和创新具有重要的战略意义。美国为了保持其世界领先地位,不断出台相关政策和报告致力于促进研究生STEM教育的发展。2018年,美国国家科学、工程和医学院发布了《面向21世纪的研究生STEM教育》,对当前美国的研究生STEM教育状况进行了总结分析,并提出了一些新的要求和设想。在梳理美国研究生STEM教育背景的基础上,运用KH Coder这一计量分析软件的词频统计提炼了该报告中的关键词并进行聚类分析,总结概括美国研究生STEM教育发展趋势及其具体策略,并得出了一些启示。

Postgraduate STEM education has important strategic significance for national scientific development and innovation.In order to maintain its leading position in the world,the United States has continuously issued relevant policies and reports to promote the development of postgraduate STEM education.The National Academy of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine issued Graduate STEM Education for the 21 st Century in 2018,which summarized and analyzed the current state of graduate STEM education in the United States,and put forward some new requirements and ideas.On the basis of combing the background of American postgraduate STEM education,using the word frequency statistics of KH coder to refine the key words in the report and perform cluster analysis,the paper summarizes the development trend of American postgraduate STEM education and its specific strategies,and draws some enlightenments from it.