单增李斯特菌穿越生理屏障机制的研究进展

Research progress in the mechanism through which Listeria monocytogenes crosses the physiological barrier

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)是一种胞内寄生的革兰阳性短杆菌,属于食源性病原体,能够引起免疫力低下的人或动物患李斯特菌病,被列为四大食品病原菌之一。LM在不同生理屏障中的内化作用是介导感染的关键环节,且LM已进化出多种策略来入侵宿主细胞和适应胞内的传播。感染后的临床表现主要为细菌性败血症、脑膜炎、流产及胎儿感染,使人和动物的健康安全受到威胁。近年来有一些关于LM对动物肠道屏障、胎盘屏障、血脑屏障侵袭方面的研究有一些报道,但其感染及致病机制尚不完全清楚。本文主要对LM穿越3种生理屏障的侵袭机制进行概述。

Listeria monocytogenes(LM)is a Gram-positive bacillus and a foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis in people or animals with decreased immunity.LM is considered one of the four major food pathogens.The internalization of LM across different physiological barriers is key in mediating infection,and LM has evolved several strategies to invade host cells and adapt to intracellular transmission.The main clinical manifestations after infection are bacterial septicemia,meningitis,abortion and fetal infection,which threaten the health of humans and animals.Although several reports have described LM invasion of the intestinal barrier,placental barrier and blood-brain barrier in animals in recent years,the mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis are not fully understood.This article provides an overview of the invasion mechanisms through which LM crosses these three physiological barriers.