老龄化背景下失能老人经济收入对正式照护选择的影响——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

The Impact of Income on Formal Care Options for the Disabled Elderly under the Background of Aging——Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS Data

老龄化程度的持续加深对失能老人的照护决策造成了一定的影响。本文基于CHARLS数据,从机构照护和保姆看护两方面,考察失能老人经济收入对正式照护选择的影响。研究表明,受经济收入限制,绝大多数失能老人不使用正式照护。失能老人经济收入对使用正式照护有显著的正向影响,但这种影响仅限于保姆看护的使用。老年人失能程度不仅约束其经济收入对正式照护的使用,也制约非正式照护对正式照护的替代效应。具体来看,轻度失能情况下存在这种替代效应,中重度失能情况下,非正式照护与保姆看护则呈现补充关系。经济收入和社会支持的差异性导致城乡失能老人对正式照护的使用不同,城市失能老人倾向于使用正式照护,而农村失能老人倾向于使用非正式照护。因此,要通过政府购买、长期护理保险等手段构建多元化照护模式,拓展正式照护的途径,同时构建农村互助养老网络。

The deepening of aging has had a certain impact on the care options of the disabled elderly.Based on CHARLS data,this paper examines the impact of the income of disabled elderly on formal care options from the aspects of institutional care and home nursing care.Studies have shown that the vast majority of disabled elderly do not use formal care due to the income constraints.The income of the disabled elderly has a significant positive impact on the use of formal care,but this effect is limited to the use of home nursing.The degree of disability not only constrains the effect of their income on formal care but also constricts the substitution effect of informal care on formal care.Specifically,this substitution effect exists in mild disability,while in the case of moderate and severe disability,informal care and home nursing care are complementary relationship.Differences in income and social support lead to different use of formal care for urban and rural disabled elderly,with urban disabled elderly tending to use formal care and rural disabled elderly tending to use informal care.Therefore,it is necessary to build a diversified care model through government purchases,long-term care insurance and other means,expand the way of formal care,and build a rural mutual assistance pension network.