屠格涅夫短篇小说对汪曾祺创作的影响及启示

The influence of Ivan Turgenev’s Short Stories on Wang Zengqi’s Creation and Its Enlightenment

屠格涅夫的短篇小说深刻地影响了汪曾祺。早在1938年,汪曾祺便阅读了屠格涅夫的《猎人日记》等短篇小说,并自觉不自觉地把他的短篇小说视为自己文学创作的重要资源。从主旨来看,汪曾祺受屠格涅对人富有同情与悲悯的情感影响,在作品中注重对人性美的开掘;从文体来看,汪曾祺受屠格涅夫简洁精练的短篇小说文体影响;从文学语言来看,汪曾祺更是明显受到屠格涅夫作品语言精炼化和诗化特征的影响。在屠格涅夫影响的背后,隐含了跨文化传播的某些内在规律。屠格涅夫的短篇小说具有世界性的文化特质,这为其跨文化传播奠定了坚实的基础。汪曾祺深刻理解外来短篇小说的内在精神,并以此激活了本民族优秀的文化传统,创作出了具有鲜明风格的短篇小说,丰富和发展了中国现当代文学。

Ivan Turgenev’s short stories had a profound influence on Wang Zengqi.As early as 1938,Wang Zengqi had read Turgenev’s short stories,such as A Sportsman’s Sketches,and consciously or unconsciously regarded his short stories as an important resource for his literary creation.From the theme of literature,influenced by Turgenev’s sympathy and compassion for people,Wang Zengqi paid attention to the exploration of the beauty of human nature in his works.From the perspective of style,Wang Zengqi was deeply influenced by Turgenev’s brief and concise short story style.In terms of literary language,Wang Zengqi was obviously influenced by the refinement and poetic characteristics of the language in Turgenev’s works.Behind Turgenev’s influence,there are some internal laws of cross-cultural communication.Turgenev’s short stories have global cultural characteristics,which laid a firm foundation for their cross-cultural communication.It is on this basis that Wang Zengqi deeply understood the internal spirit of foreign short stories,activated the excellent cultural tradition of his nation,created short stories with distinctive styles,and enriched and developed Chinese modern and contemporary literature.