汞矿区土壤重金属迁移转化及治理技术研究综述

Review on Migration,Transformation and Treatment of Soil Heavy Metals in Mercury Mining Area

通过对汞矿区土壤重金属元素种类、来源、赋存形态及迁移转化的最新研究进展进行综述,发现汞矿区土壤污染主要来源于尾矿和冶炼废渣中重金属的释放,矿区周围土壤中的重金属形态具有相似的分布特征,都是以残渣态为主;汞矿区土壤中重金属主要发生溶解、吸附、氧化还原、沉淀、共沉淀、矿化等反应,其迁移转化受物理、化学和生物多方面因素影响;同时对目前的治理技术和研究动态进行了概述,明确植物修复是目前研究的热点,但尚需探究植物修复与土壤改良措施结合的联合修复技术,从而提出应充分关注土壤中多种重金属之间的拮抗和协同作用,以期为研究汞矿区重金属元素的迁移转化规律及汞污染土壤的治理提供理论指导。

The recent research progress on the types,sources,occurrence forms,migration and transformation of soil heavy metal in mercury mining areas are reviewed.The result shows that the soil pollution in mercury mining area mainly comes from the release of heavy metals from tailings,and the forms of heavy metals in the soil around the mining area have similar distribution characteristics,which are mainly residual forms.Heavy metals in the soil of mercury mining area are mainly dissolved,adsorbed,redox,precipitated,coprecipitated and mineralized,and their migration and transformation are affected by physical,chemical and biological factors.At the same time,the current treatment technology and research developments are summarized.It is clear that phytoremediation is the focus of current research,but it is still necessary to explore the combined remediation technology of phytoremediation and soil improvement measures.Thus putting forward that full attention should be paid to the antagonism and synergy between various heavy metals in soil,and providing theoretical guidance for studying the migration and transformation law of heavy metals in mercury mining areas and the treatment of mercury-contaminated soil.