咳嗽反射调控机制的研究进展

Research Progress of Cough Reflex Regulatory Mechanism

咳嗽反射是机体重要的防御性反射,通过外周神经和中枢神经共同调控保持平衡,其刺激信号主要是通过迷走神经介导。咳嗽反射不仅受脑干水平影响,且大脑中枢在咳嗽反射调控过程中也发挥着重要作用。针对咳嗽反射,目前周围神经潜在的调控靶点包括瞬时受体电位香草酸受体1(TRPV1)、瞬时受体电位锚蛋白1(TRPA1)及P2X3受体,而关于中枢神经潜在的调控靶点尚不明确。本文从周围神经和中枢神经角度探讨其对咳嗽反射的调控机制,以期为咳嗽患者的治疗提供新思路。

The cough reflex is an essential defensive reflex,which maintains balance through peripheral and central regulation.Stimulation signal is mainly mediated by vagus nerve.The cough reflex is regulated with brain stem level,but also the brain center plays an essential role in the regulation of cough reflex.At present,it is well known that the peripheral potential regulatory targets of cough reflex including transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1),transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1),and P2X3 receptors,while the central potential regulatory targets are unclear.This article mainly discusses the cough reflex regulatory mechanism from peripheral and central nerves,in order to provide new ideas for treating patients with cough in clinical practice.