3Krettek C, Miclau T, schandelmsier P, et al. The mechanical effect of blocking screws( "Poller scrows") in stabilizing tibia fractures with short proximal or distal fragments after insertion of small-diameter intramedul- lary nails. J Orthop Trauma, 1999,13:550653.
4Rieei WM ,Olloyle M ,Borrelli J ,et al. Fractures of the proximal third of the tibia shaft treated with intramedullary nails and blocking screws. J Or- thop Trauma,2001,15:264-270.
5Kenneth J, Koval Joseph D,Zuckerman, et al. Handbook of fractures [ M ]. 3rd Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
6Salem KH. Unreamed intramedullary nailing in distal tibial frac- tures [ J ]. Int Orthop, 2013,37 (10) : 2009-2015.
7Weninger P,Tschabitscher M,Traxler H, et al. Intramedullary nail- ing of proximal tibia fractures-an anatomical study comparing three lateral starting points for nail insertion[J]. Injury,2010,41(2): 220-225.
8Lowe JA, Tejwani N, Yoo B, et al. Surgical techniques for complex proximal tibial fractures[J]. J Bone Joint Surg AM,2011,93(16) :1548-1559.
9Collinge C, Protzman R. Outcomes of minimally invasive plate os- teosynthesis for metaphyseal distal tibia fractures [J ]. J Orthop Trau- ma,2010,24(1) :24-29.
10Bhandari M, Audige L, Ellis T, et al. Evidence-Based Orthopaedic Trauma Working Group. Operative treatment of extra- articular proximal tibial fractures [ J ]. J Orthop Trauma, 2003,17 (8) : 591- 595.
