新媒介能否让我们遭遇世界?——从阿伦特的政治社会理论出发

Whether We are Worldly through New Medium Usage? : From the Social and Political Theory of Arendt

web2.0技术更新了媒介交往的形式与内容,新媒介的公共性问题受到重视,已有文献多诉诸哈贝马斯的交往理论,阿伦特的政治行动理论未受到认真对待。两者之间最大的区别在于后者对"手段—目的"范畴的根本超越,它带来了对"复数性"行动本身的强调;"复数性"意味着人的"自我彰显","人"从而与"世界"遭遇并赋予其意义。面对今天的技术情境,阿伦特启发我们提出以下问题:新媒介在技术上允许"多元和差异"存在,是否由此等同于"复数的"人的行动?本研究以阿伦特对"社会"和"公共"的定界考察了网络空间中"公"与"私"的复杂缠绕,并尝试把对"社会"的限定从内容层面转向"隐喻"层面,从而对三种不同类型的网络平台进行针对性的讨论。研究发现,新媒介所建构的技术交往空间与"公共性"相距甚远:"多元"不代表差异和复数,"自我表达"也不意味"人"的"自我彰显"。

The publicity of new medium becomes the hot academic topic as the technology of web2.0renew the form of social interaction.Most studies turned to the theoretical framework of Jurgen Habermas for analysis and almost neglect the perspective of Hannah Arendt.The most importantdifference between the two theories is that Habermas’s thought can not escape the pattern of means-end which is totally transcended in Arendt’s theory.To put it more clearly,Arendt’s theory gives an emphasis on the plurality of action which means the self-performance of people.In this sense,people can get involved in the world and attach their meaning to it.Under today’s circumstance,Arendt’s theory inspires us to ask a new question:does diversity and difference brought by the new media really equal the plurality of action?This paper investigates the intertwined relationship between“publicity”and“privacy”in the internet space based on Arendt’s analysis of the distinction between“publicity”and“the social”,and transforms the deflnition of“the social”from the sense of“content”to the sense of“metaphor”so as to analysis the three different types of the network platform.Through exploring,this paper gives a negative answer to the following question.