典型位置的贮藏室内不同堆层高度下马铃薯干物质含量的研究

Dry Matter Contents of Potatoes at Different Stack Heights in a Typical Storeroom

贮藏是保证马铃薯品质、质量安全和当期供给的重要条件。通过科学的经营管理,人为的创造马铃薯贮藏所需要的最佳环境能够提高农业经济效益,促进农民增收。本文主要针对北方寒冷干旱地区,分别对2个不同位置的半地下式贮藏室中不同高度堆层马铃薯干物质含量进行研究。贮藏室分为边窖与中窖,马铃薯堆分为顶层和底层,在整个马铃薯贮藏期间,分别对2个典型位置贮藏室中不同高度堆层的马铃薯进行取样,并对取样样本进行烘干,分析马铃薯干物质含量。数据分析表明:①边窖东墙与外界环境相邻,贮藏室受外界温度影响较大,空气自然对流增强,导致保温性能较差;②边窖与中窖相比,中窖保温性能较好,由于中窖靠近中心位置,贮藏室内空气对流相对缓慢,温度较为恒定。③边窖东墙温度与中窖东墙相比,由于边窖东墙温度较低,导致边窖东侧干物质含量比中窖东侧低。④贮藏室内底层马铃薯与地面直接接触,土壤对马铃薯起到保温的作用,从而降低了底层马铃薯能量的消耗。整个贮藏期间,中窖干物质含量升高2.0 g,而边窖干物质含量之和降低6.5 g,由此可以得出中窖贮藏室比边窖更适合贮藏马铃薯,本结论对马铃薯贮藏工艺具有一定的生产指导意义。

Storage is an essential condition to ensure the quality,safety,and current supply of agricultural products. The artificial creation of an optimal environment required for the storage through scientific management can promote agricultural economic benefits and increase farmers’ income. This paper mainly studied the dry matter contents of the potatoes at different stack heights in two semiunderground storerooms at different locations in cold and semi-arid regions of northern China. The storeroom was divided into a side cellar and a middle cellar. The potato stacks were consist of the top layers and the bottom layers. During the entire storage period,the potatoes at different heights in two typical storerooms were sampled. Then,the samples were dried and their dry matter contents were analyzed. Through data analysis,it showed that the east wall of the storeroom on the edge was adjacent with the external environment,and the storeroom condition on the edge was greatly affected by the external temperature. The natural convection of the air was enhanced in the storeroom on the edge,resulting in the poor heat preservation performance. Compared with the storeroom on the edge,the heat preservation performance of the middle cellar was better,because of the slower air convection and constant temperature in the storeroom. Because the temperature of the east wall of the storeroom on the edge was lower than that of the east wall of the storeroom near the middle,the dry matter content of the east side of the storeroom on the edge was lower than that of the east side of the storeroom near the middle. Due to the direct contact between the potatoes in the bottom layers and the ground in the storeroom,the soil played a role in keeping the potatoes warm,reducing the energy consumption of the potatoes in the bottom layers. During the whole storage period,the dry matter content of the storeroom near the middle increased by 2. 0 g,but the dry matter content of the storeroom on the edge decreased by 6. 5 g. It could be concluded that the storeroom near the middle was more suitable for the potato storage,which had certain production guidance significance for the potato storage technology.