畜禽粪便还田所致环境污染现况及其健康危害

Environmental pollution and health hazards caused by animal agriculture manure

中国现代畜牧业的快速发展解决了我国居民肉、蛋、奶等动物源性食品的供应问题,畜牧业高速向集约化转型的同时,也产生了大量的畜禽粪便,但由于我国养殖业未能与种植业有机结合,致使大量动物粪便未能进行无害化和资源化处理利用,带来了严重的环境污染问题和公众健康风险。动物粪便中的抗生素及其耐药基因、重金属、病原体等污染物,可以在动物粪便的转运、储存、加工和利用过程中进入农田土壤、地表水和地下水,污染食品,对人类健康构成直接和间接的风险。本文依据公开发表的统计数据和文献分析了我国畜禽粪便排放的主要污染物及其对环境的影响,以及暴露于这些污染物对人类健康的潜在风险。针对现存问题提出畜禽粪便的合理利用建议,为有效利用畜禽粪便同时又保护人群健康提供助力。

The rapid growth of modern animal husbandry in China has supplied meat, eggs, and milk for Chinese residents, meanwhile the rapid transformation to intensive husbandry operations has also produced a large quantity of livestock and poultry manure. However, due to the failure of integration of animal husbandry and crop plantation, most of the livestock and poultry manure has not been treated and utilized, which may cause serious environmental pollution and public health risks. Antibiotics, heavy metals, pathogens, and other pollutants contained in livestock and poultry manure can enter farming soil, surface water, and groundwater during the transportation, storage, processing, and utilization of livestock and poultry manure, contaminate food, and pose direct and indirect risks to human health. Based on published statistics and papers, this article systematically analyzed the main pollutants discharged from livestock and poultry manure, their impacts on the environment, as well as the potential health risks by exposure to these pollutants. Recommendations on how to scientifically utilize animal manure were proposed, aiming to better protect human health.