马铃薯中马来酰肼的迁移安全性研究

Investigation on the migration safety of maleic hydrazine in potatoes

目的考察马来酰肼在马铃薯块茎及芽中的分布、迁移规律。方法离子排斥色谱-紫外法检测马铃薯中马来酰肼含量,并进行方法验证;用该方法对马来酰肼在马铃薯中的迁移情况进行考察:用马来酰肼溶液分别处理马铃薯块茎和马铃薯芽,考察马来酰肼在不同浓度下向马铃薯块茎中的迁移情况及马来酰肼在马铃薯块茎和芽之间的迁移情况。结果马铃薯块茎在0.04~8.00 mmol/L马来酰肼中浸泡24 h后,马铃薯中马来酰肼的含量随着马来酰肼浓度的增加而增加,当浓度增大到5.95 mmol/L时,马来酰肼在马铃薯中的迁移率趋于稳定,在1.47%左右;当浸药浓度大于5.95mmol/L时,马来酰肼在马铃薯中的残留量超过GB2763—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》所规定的50mg/kg的残留限量要求。马铃薯块茎在5.04 mmol/L马来酰肼溶液中浸泡24 h后,距离表皮越近,迁移的马来酰肼含量越高,马来酰肼在不同马铃薯品种中的迁移能力有差异。用5 mmol/L马来酰肼溶液分别处理发芽期马铃薯块茎和马铃薯芽叶,发现块茎中的马来酰肼会定向向芽叶中迁移并累积,而芽叶中的马来酰肼不会从芽向块茎迁移。结论该离子排斥色谱-紫外法准确、灵敏,适用于马铃薯块茎及芽叶中马来酰肼含量的测定,马来酰肼向马铃薯块茎中的迁移率总体较低。

Objective To investigate the distribution and migration of maleic hydrazide in potato tubers and buds.Methods The content of maleic hydrazide in potatoes was detected by ion exclusion chromatography-ultraviolet method,and the method was verified.This method was used to investigate the migration of maleic hydrazide in potato tubers:Potato tubers and potato sprouts were treated with maleic hydrazide solution respectively.The migration of maleic hydrazide to potato tubers at different concentrations and the migration of maleic hydrazide between potato tubers and shoots were investigated.Results After potato tubers were soaked in 0.04-8.00 mmol/L maleic hydrazide for 24 hours,the content of maleic hydrazide in tubers increased with the increasing concentration of maleic hydrazide.More than 5.95 mmol/L,the mobility of maleic hydrazide in tuber tended to be stable,around 1.47%.When the concentration of the maleic hydrazide is more than 5.95 mmol/L,the residual amount of maleic hydrazide in potatoes exceeded the 50 mg/kg residue limit required by GB 2763—2016"National food safety standard-Maximum residue limit of pesticides in food".After potato tubers were soaked in 5.04 mmol/L maleic hydrazide solution for 24 hours,the closer they were to the epidermis,the higher the content of maleic hydrazide migrated.The migration capacity of maleic hydrazide in different varieties potato was different.Five mmol/L maleic hydrazide solution was used to treat potato tubers and potato buds at the germination stage seperately.It was found that the maleic hydrazide in the tubers would migrate to the buds,while maleic hydrazide in buds did not migrate to tuber.Conclusion This ion exclusion chromatography-ultraviolet method is accurate,sensitive and suitable for the determination of maleic hydrazide in potatoes.The migration rate of maleozide to potato tubers is generally low.