豆科牧草替代蛋白原料对肉兔生长性能、养分消化、氮代谢及经济效益的影响

Effects of legume forage replacing protein ingredients on growth performance,nutrient digestion,nitrogen metabolism and economic advantage of meat rabbits

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平豆科牧草替代蛋白原料对肉兔生长性能、养分消化、氮代谢及经济效益的影响。试验将35 d断奶、平均体重为(986.22±1.55)g的144只肉兔随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂以豆粕和牧草为蛋白原料的日粮,T1和T2组分别用8%和16%红豆草替代豆粕和苜蓿草。结果:T1和T2组50~70 d、35~70 d的平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),断奶后前两周(35~49 d)及50~70 d,T1和T2组料重比显著高于对照组(P<0.05),同时在整个试验期对照组肉兔的料重比显著低于T2组(P<0.05)。对照组肉兔有机物、粗蛋白质、能量和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于T1和T2组(P<0.05)。T1和T2组肉兔的氮摄入量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而T2组粪氮排泄量也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组和T1组氮沉积量显著高于T2组(P<0.05)。经济指标分析结果显示经T1和T2组50~70 d肉兔的饲料用量成本显著低于对照组(P<0.05),同时,50~70 d和35~70 d的钱肉比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:日粮用8%~16%豆科牧草替代蛋白原料虽然降低了大部分养分表观消化率,同时降低了生长后期的饲料效率,但可改善采食量和氮摄入量。综合考虑氮沉积及钱肉比,豆科牧草的适宜添加水平为8%。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of legume forage substitute protein on growth performance,nutrient digestion,nitrogen metabolism and economic value of meat rabbits.A total of 144 meat rabbits weaned at 35 days with an average body weight of(986.22±1.55)g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 48 rabbits per group and 12 rabbits per replicate.The control group was fed with soybean meal and forage as protein raw materials,and the T1 and T2 groups were fed with 8%and 16%legume forage instead of soybean meal and alfalfa grass,respectively.Results:The average daily feed intake of T1 and T2 groups at 50~70 d and 35~70 d was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain of T1 and T2 groups was significantly higher than that of control group at the first two weeks after weaning(35~49 d)and 50~70 d(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the feed/gain of meat rabbits in control group was significantly lower than that in T2 group during the whole experiment period(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of organic matter,crude protein,energy and neutral detergent fiber of meat rabbits in control group was significantly higher than that in T1 and T2 groups(P<0.05).The nitrogen intake of meat rabbits in T1 and T2 groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),and the fecal nitrogen excretion of meat rabbits in T2 group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Nitrogen deposition in control group and T1 group was significantly higher than that in T2 group(P<0.05).The results of economic index analysis showed that the feed consumption cost of meat rabbits in T1 and T2 groups at 50~70 days was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05),and the money-meat ratio at 50~70 days and 35~70 days was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Dietary 8%~16%legume forages replacing protein raw materials can reduce most nutrient apparent digestibility and feed efficiency at late growth stage,but can improve feed intake and nitrogen intake.Considering nitrogen deposition and money~meat ratio,the optimum supplemental level of legume forage was 8%.