超大城市“新任妈妈”的再生育意愿及其影响因素研究

New Mothers’Second-child Fertility Intention and Its Correlates in Megacities

为了在更具体的时间框架内考察城市已育女性的再生育意愿,对上海377名0~1岁婴儿母亲进行问卷调查,了解其再生育一个孩子的意愿,并从生态系统理论视角探究个体、家庭和社区影响因素的作用。结果发现:一孩新任妈妈的再生育意愿不高,但仍有较大的上升空间;母亲年龄、户籍和家庭月收入仍是显著影响其二孩生育意愿的结构性因素;与公婆不同城居住、婆媳关系在生育后变差的一孩新任妈妈,其二孩生育意愿显著低于其他新任妈妈,但在对与母系祖辈居住情况的变量分析并未出现该结果;居住社区环境的儿童养育友好程度并未对新任妈妈的再生育意愿有显著的预测作用。建议医疗机构和社区提供适宜的家庭育儿社会支持服务,改善家庭微生态生育文化,尤其是提升男方家庭长辈与育龄女性的关系质量,以有效提高城市一孩家庭的再生育意愿。

In order to investigate the fertility intention of urban one-child mothers in a more specific time frame,this study investigated 377 mothers of 0-1-year-old infants in Shanghai to understand their willingness to have another child and its individual,family,and community correlates under the perspective of ecological systems theory.The results showed that the new mothers in Shanghai had a low willingness to bear a new baby in the future,but there was still a large room for improvement.The age,household registration,and education level of the mother were still the structural factors that significantly affected the fertility intention.Women who live in the same city with their parents-in-law and have a better relationship with their mother-in-law after giving birth will have a significantly higher second-child fertility intention than the counterpart new mothers.However,the community correlate doesn’t manifest a predictive effect.It is suggested that the family micro ecological fertility culture should be improved by providing appropriate medical institutions and community family parenting social support services,especially to promote the relationship quality between family elders and the mother,so as to effectively enhance the fertility intention of Chinese one-child families.