严重精神障碍患者网络媒体形象的建构与精神卫生政策

The Image of People with Severe Mental Disorders among the Internet Mass Media and the Mental Health Policy

严重精神障碍患者往往被贴上危险、暴力的标签,承受社会污名。采用宏观视角考察我国网络媒体以及公共部门精神卫生政策效果,主要是严重精神障碍管理与服务政策的污名/反污名方面,发现我国网络媒体对于严重精神障碍患者肇事肇祸案例报道多于其权益受到侵害案例的报道,但施害与受害事件多发生于患者本人和家属群体内部,折射其所处社会隔离困境。我国精神卫生政策自2004年以来不断完善,有利于打破社会对严重精神障碍患者的刻板印象,但在防控严重精神障碍患者肇事肇祸工作中可能存在一些负面影响。建议卫生、民政、残联等相关部门完善严重精神障碍患者肇事肇祸风险管理的操作规范、加强对严重精神障碍患者及其家庭的权益保护和社会福利服务、重视反污名项目的设计和实施。

People with severe mental disorders were usually regarded as violent and dangerous,and suffered serious social stigma.This study takes a macro perspective by focusing on the image of mental disorders in the Internet mass media and governmental mental health policies.The research findings suggest that the Internet mass media sector reported more news about violent accidents of people with severe mental disorders than their victimization.However,quite a number of the violent accidents and victimization cases happened among people with severe mental disorders and their families,which indicated a plight of social exclusion to some extent.The mental health policy in China has improved substantially and contributed to weakening social stigma.It is suggested that the Health,Civil Affairs and Disabled Persons’Federation combat stigma of mental disorders by improving the norms of risk management,strengthening social services and social support for people with severe mental disorders,and developing anti-stigma activities.