北京市昌平区肾综合征出血热流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Changping district of Beijing

目的了解1998—2020年北京市昌平区肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行特征,为做好防控工作提供依据。方法收集1998—2020年北京市昌平区的HFRS疫情信息和宿主动物监测资料,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行描述性分析。结果 1998—2020年北京市昌平区累计报告HFRS病例145例,死亡1例,年平均发病率1.34/10万、病死率0.69%,95.17%的病例为原发性病例;报告病例主要分布在2007年之前,冬春季为发病高峰;青壮年发病居多,男女性别比为3.68∶1,以农民工、农民及工人为主;81.34%的病例有明确鼠接触史或居住/办公场所有鼠类活动痕迹;宿主动物监测显示优势鼠种为褐家鼠,平均鼠带毒率为1.04%。结论北京市昌平区HFRS以直接或间接接触史者发病多见,应继续落实HFRS监测、防鼠灭鼠、临床诊治及健康教育等综合性防制措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Changping district of Beijing from 1998 to 2020, and provide the basis for prevention and control. Methods The surveillance data of HFRS epidemic and the host animals in Changping district of Beijing from 1998 to 2020 were collected and descriptively analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. Results There were 145 HFRS cases reported and 1 death in Changping district from 1998 to 2020, with the average annual incidence rate of 1.34/100 000, and the fatality rodent of 0.69%. The primary cases accounted for 95.17% in all reported cases. Most cases were reported before 2007, and mainly occurred in winter and spring. Young adult cases were in the majority, and the ratio of the male to the female was 3.68∶ 1. The occupations of Migrant labourer, farmer and worker were the dominant. There were 81.34% of the cases reported the clear history of rodent contact, or the traces of rodent activity in their living/office spaces. The dominant rodent species was Rodenttus norvegicus in the host surveillance, with the average virus carrying rate of 1.04%. Conclusions The HFRS is more common in the cases with direct or indirect contact history in Changping district of Beijing. The comprehensive measures of the surveillance of HFRS, rodent control, medical diagnosis, treatment and health education should be unceasingly implemented.