“难民危机”期间人们对待移民态度的工具性解释

Instrumental explanations of attitudes towards immigrants during the “refugee crisis”:Evidence from Italy

最近的移民流动史表明,由于日益增强的政治化和公众关注度,反复出现的大规模移民潮给国家体系内的政策和政治带来了巨大压力。尽管学界已经大量分析了人们对待移民群体和移民现象态度的根源,但与移民峰值的关系仍需要更多的观察,尤其是侧重于当地人利益的观察。在大量移民流入期间,对自我利益和社会层面利益的感知是否变得与敌对情绪更为相关?本研究从历时的角度出发,主要关注三种实用工具性理论解释,如邻里安全、接触理论和经济竞争,以此来探讨这一问题。为此,我们观察了意大利的案例。在意大利,2015年以来一直影响着欧洲的所谓难民危机产生了数量空前的移民,引发了公众辩论,影响了政策选择和政党立场。我们使用2003—2017年间"欧洲社会调查"项目的数据,揭示了在此背景下,经济指标与对移民的敌意之间的关系在危机期间变得更加紧密。

The recent history of immigration flows shows recurrent massive waves of arrivals that put under great stress both policies and politics within national systems, due to rising politicization and public concern. Despite a great amount of analyses on the origins of attitudes towards immigrants and immigration,the relationships with flow peaks need still more observations, especially with a focus on natives’ interests. Do self and sociotropic interests perceptions become much more related to sentiments of hostility during high immigration flows? This study addresses this research question by focusing mainly on three realistic-instrumental theoretical explanations such as neighbourhood safety, contact theory and economic competition from a diachronic perspective. To this end, we observe the case of Italy, where the so-called refugee crisis affecting Europe since 2015 has generated an unprecedented number of arrivals, inflaming public debate and influencing both policy choices and party positions. By using the European Social Survey from the period 2003-2017, we show that in this context the relationship between economic indicators and hostility towards immigrants becomes stronger during the crisis period.