意大利“南方问题”政策演变和启示

The evolution of Italian policies to solve “the South Problem” and their inspiration

区域经济发展不平衡是每个国家现代化进程中都要面对和解决的问题。意大利虽是欧洲发达的资本主义工业化国家,但是其"南方问题"却是欧盟成员国中最大的区域发展问题,严重阻碍本国的整体经济社会发展。2020年新冠肺炎疫情暴发的背景下,为缓解南方经济再度衰退,意大利政府发布了"南方2030"发展计划。事实上,意大利在20世纪50—70年代曾经成功缩小了南北差距,但利好趋势并未持续,往后的各届政府在南方发展问题上看不到起色,从未再现差距缩小的发展成绩。本文从政府作用视角,系统梳理意大利政府自国家统一后解决"南方问题"的政策措施,深入探讨意大利南方经济是如何从稳定发展走向停滞和衰落的,以期为新格局下中国西部地区可持续发展带来警醒和启示。

Uneven regional economic development is a problem that every country has to face and solve in the process of modernisation. Although Italy is a developed capitalist industrialized country in Europe, its "problem of the south"is the biggest in terms of regional balance among EU member states, which seriously hinders the overall economic and social development of the country. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the Italian government launched the "2030 Plan for Southern Italy"to alleviate the new economic recession in the south. In fact, Italy succeeded in narrowing the gap between the north and the south from 1950s to 1970s, but the good trend did not last, and the subsequent governments did not see any improvement in the development of the south and never reproduced the development achievement in narrowing the gap. From the perspective of the function of the government, this paper systematically examines the policy measures taken by the government to solve the problem.