生物打印技术在组织工程气管领域的最新研究进展与应用

Latest research progress and application of bio-printing technology in tracheal tissue engineering

背景:长段气管病变主要由感染、创伤、恶性肿瘤等因素引起,至今其临床治愈情况仍然无法令人满意。组织工程气管结合生物打印技术可为气管长段损伤修复提供有效治疗途径。目的:综述生物打印技术在组织工程气管领域的应用与进展。方法:以“tracheal tissue engineering,3D printing,4D printing,bio-inks,tracheal replacement therapy;组织工程气管,3D打印,4D打印,气管替代治疗”为关键词,应用计算机检索CNKI、万方、PubMed数据库中的相关文献。对3D打印技术及4D打印技术的特点、生物墨水的设计,以及在组织工程气管领域的应用研究进行总结,并分析现阶段研究存在的不足与未来的发展方向。结果与结论:3D打印技术主要包括喷墨打印、挤出打印、立体光刻打印以及激光辅助打印,各技术都有其独特的优势,但仍有改进空间。生物墨水是生物打印的重要组成部分,主要包括水凝胶、脱细胞基质及无支架型生物墨水,生物墨水需要与生物打印技术相兼容,且打印产物应具有合适的孔隙率与较强的机械性能。4D打印作为一项新兴技术,赋予3D打印“动态与时间”的概念,且两者已被共同有针对性地深入应用在组织工程气管的上皮化、软骨再生、血运重建3个方面,重建物能够在生物打印技术的帮助下展现出更好的生物性能与生物相容性,不断地接近真正的临床应用。随着生物打印技术的不断发展进步和现代医学多学科的不断交叉互补,更多性能优良的生物墨水及适合人体的生物打印气管将被研发并逐渐应用于临床,从而早日解决气管长段缺损修复这一困扰世界的医学难题。

BACKGROUND:Long-segmental tracheal lesions are mainly caused by infection,trauma,malignant tumor and other factors,and still cannot obtain satisfactory clinical efficacy.Tracheal tissue engineering combined with bio-printing technology can provide an effective treatment approach for repair of long tracheal injuries.OBJECTIVE:To review the application and progress of bio-printing technology in tracheal tissue engineering.METHODS:Using the terms“tracheal tissue engineering,3D printing,4D printing,bio-inks,tracheal replacement therapy”as key words,relevant articles were searched in CNKI,Wanfang and PubMed databases.The classification of 3D printing technology,design of bio-ink,4D printing technology and specific applications in tissue engineered trachea were reviewed,and the current deficiencies and future development direction were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 3D printing technologies applied to tracheal tissue engineering mainly include inkjet,extrusion,sterolithography-based and laser-assisted bio-printing.Each technology has its unique advantages,but still has room for improvement.Bio-inks are an important part of bio-printing,which mainly includes hydrogel,extracellular matrix and scaffold-free bio-ink.Bio-inks need to be compatible with bio-printing technologies,and the printed products need to have appropriate porosity and strong mechanical properties.4D printing,as an emerging technology which endows 3D printing with the concept of“dynamic and time”,has been altogether applied to tissue-engineered trachea in three targeted regards:epithelialization,cartilage regeneration and revascularization.With the help of bio-printing technology,tracheal grafts can show better biological properties and biocompatibility,constantly moving close to the real clinical application.With the continuous development of bio-printing technology and cross-complementation of modern medical disciplines,more bio-inks and bio-printed tracheae which have excellent biological performance will be developed and gradually applied in clinical practice,so as to solve the medical problem of repairing long-segment trachea defects as early as possible,which bothers the patients throughout the world.