基于GC-MS的五种石斛花朵挥发性成分鉴定与差异性分析

Floral Volatile Components from Five Dendrobium Species Based on SPME-GC-MS

[目的]药用石斛花朵有解郁补虚、清热消炎功效,常用于茶饮、食疗。研究5种石斛花朵的挥发性成分及其含量,探明其香气组成,以期为石斛花保健功效的开发提供参考。[方法]采用顶空固相微萃取(HSSPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,分析了肿节石斛、棒节石斛、玫瑰石斛、束花石斛、报春石斛花朵的挥发性成分。[结果]5种石斛花朵中,共鉴定出110个挥发性成分,主要成分为烷类、烯类、醇类、酮类等。肿节石斛、棒节石斛、玫瑰石斛、束花石斛的花朵挥发性成分皆为首次测定。[结论]不同石斛花朵的芳香成分不尽相同,肿节石斛为芳樟醇、罗勒烯、β-石竹烯;棒节石斛为罗勒烯、β-石竹烯;玫瑰石斛为d-柠檬烯、蒎烯、罗勒烯;束花石斛为罗勒烯、蒎烯、芳樟醇。棒节石斛和肿节石斛中含有具有解郁功效的β-石竹烯。

[Objective]To identify and analyze the floral volatile components of Dendrobium,a medical herb commonly used in China.[Method]The floral volatile components of Dendrobium pendulum Roxb.,D.findlayanum Par.ex Rchb.f.,D.crepidatum Lindl.ex Paxt.,D.chrysanthum Lindl.and D.primulinum Lindl.were qualitatively analyzed by HS-SPME and GC-MS.[Result]A total of 110 volatile components were identified from the flowers,the main components were alcohols,alkanes,alkenes and ketones.For the first time,the fragrance components were analyzed in fresh flowers of D.pendulum,D.findlayanum,D.crepidatum,and D.chrysanthum.[Conclusion]The aroma components of fresh flowers are different among Dendrobium species.The aroma components in D.findlayanum are basilene andβ-caryophyllene,that in D.chrysanthum are basilene,pinene and linalool,that in D.pendulum are linalool,luollene andβ-caryophyllene,that in D.crepidatum are d-limonene,pinene and luollene.Both D.findlayanum and D.pendulum containβ-caryophyllene,a substance with the effect of anti-depression.