基于数值仿真与优化的老年人起居椅结构设计

Structure Design of the Living Chair for the Elderly Based on the Numerical Simulation and Optimization

针对老年人独自起居生活不便的问题,设计了一款老年人起居椅,根据企业关于实物样机测试的要求进行有限元数值模拟分析,检验结构在静态测试载荷和冲击测试载荷作用下的力学响应,结合静态结构分析时强度的不足以及瞬态结构分析时应力的集中位置对结构进行优化设计,优化后的结构在静态测试载荷下的最大等效应力由352.8 MPa降低至126.8 MPa,在冲击测试载荷下的最大等效应力由184.2 MPa降低至153.2 MPa,起居椅的强度和刚度得到了较大提升,制作实物样机并进行功能验证和样机力学性能测试,得到了满意的结果。研究结果表明,优化设计后的结构能够满足设计要求和测试要求,从客观上验证了有限元分析的有效性,这为其他部分的设计提供了重要参考,也有利于缩短产品的研发周期。

Aiming at the problem of inconvenience when the elderly live alone,a living chair for the elderly was designed,according to the requirements of the cooperative enterprise on the physical prototype test,finite element analysis was done to inspect the mechanical response of the structure under static test load and impact test load.Combined with the lack of strength during static structural analysis and the location of stress concentration during transient structural analysis,optimal design of the structure was done.The maximum equivalent stress of the optimized structure reduced from 352.8 MPa to 126.8 MPa under the static test load,and the maximum equivalent stress reduced from 184.2 MPa to 153.2 MPa under the impact test load,strength and rigidity of the living chair was greatly improved.The prototype was made and tested,and the satisfied results were gotten.The research results indicate that the optimized structure can meet the design requirements and test requirements,and it verifies the validity of the finite element analysis.The process provides an important reference for the design of other parts and also helps shorten the product development cycle.