基于光电编码器的位移测量系统

Displacement Measurement System Based on Photoelectric Encoder

现代工业测量直线位移对精度的要求越来越高,但是传统的直线位移测量装置操作困难、价格高、精度低,然而光电旋转编码器操作简单、价格合理、体积小、精度高,所以选用光电旋转编码器作为位移测量的核心器件。以测量直线位移为目标,把光电旋转编码器作为系统的测量位移器件,把STC89C52单片机作为系统的控制核心,设计了一个位移测量系统。通过直流电机、齿轮、皮带模拟了工业大型设备的机械位移运动,具有体积小、精度高等特点。通过增量型编码器获取皮带位移量,并实时传送数据给单片机进行处理,然后通过液晶显示当前的位移量。如果位移超过了预先设定的几个阈值,则会产生不同程度的报警,用户可以根据实际需求修改报警值。报警值具有防掉电数据丢失的功能,操作人员可以根据液晶屏上显示的数据判断是否需要停止运行电机。通过光电编码器的高精度测量,能有效地减少位移测量的误差,从而大大提高了操作的准确性。

Modern industrial measurement of linear displacement requires more and more precision,but the traditional linear displacement measurement device is difficult to operate,high price and low precision,while the photoelectric rotary encoder is simple to operate,reasonable price,small volume and high precision,so the photoelectric rotary encoder was choosed as the core device of displacement measurement.In order to measure linear displacement,the photoelectric rotary encoder was taken as the displacement measuring device of the system,and STC89 C52 MCU was taken as the control core of the system.The system simulated the mechanical displacement movement of large industrial equipment through DC motor,gear and belt,and has the characteristics of small volume and high precision.The displacement measurement system obtained the belt displacement through the incremental encoder,and sent the data to the microcontroller for processing in real time,and then displayed the current displacement through the liquid crystal.If the displacement exceeded several preset thresholds,different degrees of alarm would be generated,and users could modify the alarm value according to actual needs.The alarm value had the function of preventing the loss of power off data.The operator could judge whether to stop running the motor according to the data displayed on the LCD screen.The precision measurement of photoelectric encoder could effectively reduce the error of displacement measurement and greatly improve the accuracy of operation.