牵引式液态肥喷洒机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Trailed Liquid Fertilizer Sprayer

针对目前国内缺乏专业的液态肥喷洒机,设计了主要由罐体、吸料系统、排料系统和喷洒器等部件组成的牵引式液态肥喷洒机,建立了喷洒作业理论模型,并对真空泵排量、罐体结构、喷嘴喷射速度等关键参数进行了设计与计算。采用仿真软件对喷洒器散射挡板形状、散射挡板朝向、喷嘴形状和喷嘴喷射速度等关键因素进行了仿真分析,结果表明,为达到较好的喷洒效果,应采用扇形散射挡板、圆锥形喷嘴和13 m/s左右的喷射速度,散射挡板与水平面呈正夹角。以喷洒幅宽、均匀性变异系数、平均厚度为喷洒性能指标,采用正交试验对喷洒作业进行了优化仿真,得出对喷洒幅宽影响显著的因素是散射挡板长轴长度,对地面水平均厚度影响显著的因素是散射挡板倾斜角,各个因素对于喷洒均匀变异性系数的影响不显著。结合设计目标,当行进速度5 km/h时,优先选取散射挡板与水平夹角35°、散射挡板长轴长度32 cm、喷射速度13 m/s和喷嘴高度1 m,可得试验喷洒幅宽为11 m,地面水平均厚度为1.65 mm,喷洒均匀性变异系数C_(V)为34.86%,仿真分析与试验结果基本一致,验证了设计的准确性和可靠性,达到了设计目标,满足使用要求。

There are few studies on the design and optimization of liquid fertilizer sprayer,a trailed liquid fertilizer sprayer was designed,which mainly composed of tank,suction system and discharge system.The theoretical model of spraying operation was established,and the key parameters such as vacuum pump displacement,tank structure and nozzle outlet flow rate were designed and calculated.The key factors such as the shape of scattering baffle,orientation of scattering baffle,shape of nozzle and flow velocity of nozzle outlet were simulated and analyzed.The analysis showed that the ideal spraying effect can be achieved by selecting fan-shaped scattering baffle,positive angle between scattering baffle and horizontal plane,circular nozzle and outlet velocity of about 13 m/s.Taking the radiation width,uniformity variation coefficient and average thickness of spraying as the spraying performance indexes,the spraying operation was optimized and simulated by orthogonal experiment.It was concluded that the significant factor affecting the spraying width was the longitudinal axis length of the scattering baffle,and the significant factor affecting the horizontal average thickness of the ground was the inclination angle of the scattering baffle,each factor had little effect on the coefficient of variation of spraying uniformity.Combined with the design goal,when the traveling speed was 5 km/h,the included angle between the scattering baffle and the horizontal was 35°,the longitudinal axis length of the scattering baffle was 32 cm,the outlet flow rate was 13 m/s and the nozzle height was 1 m.The test spraying width was 11 m,the average ground thickness was 1.65 mm,and the spraying uniformity variation coefficient C_(V) was 34.86%.The simulation analysis was basically consistent with the test results,which verified the accuracy and reliability of the design.The design goal was achieved,the application requirements were met,and some data support was provided for the spraying research of liquid fertilizer.