阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阻尼器设计与动力性能实验

Structure Design and Dynamic Performance Analysis of Magnetorheological Damper with Adjustable Damping Gaps

针对磁流变阻尼器存在由于阻尼间隙固定、长度小等导致的阻尼力较小、动力性能单一及适应性不强等不足,提出并设计一种阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阻尼器。该阻尼器液流通道由圆锥和圆环形液流通道共同组成,其有效阻尼长度可增加到4段。同时通过调整紧锁螺母控制阀芯位置,改变阀芯与左右磁轭的相对位置,可实现圆锥液流通道阻尼间隙连续可调。对所提出的结构进行磁路设计,基于Bingham模型建立其力学模型,利用ANSYS进行电磁场仿真,并设计实物样机进行动力性能实验。实验结果表明,输出阻尼力随阻尼间隙的减小而增大,在阻尼间隙为0.6 mm时阻尼力达到7.2 kN。可调系数随阻尼间隙的减小而减小,在阻尼间隙为1.6 mm时最大可调系数为13.6。另外,不同阻尼间隙下阻尼力为0.2~7.2 kN,最大可调系数可达33。本文所提出的磁流变阻尼器结构可进一步提升磁流变阻尼器的动力性能,并可替代不同应用场合的磁流变阻尼器。

Magnetorheological(MR)dampers with fixed damping gaps and short damping lengths have the disadvantages of small damping force,single dynamic performance and low adaptability.To overcome these shortcomings,a MR damper with adjustable damping gaps was proposed and designed.The MR damper had annular and conical fluid flow channels,and four segments of effective damping lengths in the annular and conical fluid flow channels.By adjusting the position of the valve core controlled by the locking nut,the relative positions between the valve core and the left and right yokes would be changed,so the damping gaps in the conical fluid flow channel can be adjusted continuously.The magnetic circuit of the proposed MR damper was studied and its mechanical model was also established.ANSYS was used to simulate the change of the electromagnetic field in the MR damper.A prototype was manufactured,and its dynamic performance was tested experimentally.The results showed that the damping force of the proposed MR damper was increased with the decrease of the damping gaps,and the maximum damping force can reach 7.2 kN at the damping gap of 0.6 mm.Moreover,the adjustable coefficient was decreased with the decrease of damping gaps,and the maximum adjustable coefficient can reach 13.6 at the damping gap of 1.6 mm.In addition,the damping force was ranged from 0.2 kN to 7.2 kN with different damping gaps,and the maximum adjustable coefficient can reach 33.The dynamic performance of the developed MR damper can be greatly enhanced,and the traditional MR dampers with its application in fixed situations can be possibly replaced.