环状RNA翻译多肽在恶性肿瘤中的作用

Role of polypeptides translated by circular RNAs in malignant tumors

作为特殊的非编码RNA,环状RNA(circular RNA,Circ RNA)是一种由pre-mRNA通过反式剪接形成的新型闭合环状的RNA分子。随着生物技术的飞速发展和研究的不断深入,对于CircRNA的鉴定和功能已有了新的认识。CircRNA由于缺乏5’帽子结构一直被认为不可翻译成蛋白质,已有证据表明其可通过核糖体内部进入位点(internal ribosomal entry site,IRES)和N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine,m^(6)A)诱导的方式编码多肽,在多种恶性肿瘤的生物学行为中扮演重要角色。本文结合国内外研究,回顾CircRNA翻译多肽的可能机制,对其多肽产物在常见的恶性肿瘤中的功能及作用进行综述,探讨其可能存在的问题及潜在临床应用价值。

Circular RNAs(CircRNAs),as special non-coding RNAs,are novel closed-loop RNA molecules that are formed from pre-mRNAs by reverse splicing.The rapid development of biotechnology and increasing research have led to new insights into the identification and function of CircRNAs.CircRNAs have been considered to be untranslatable into proteins because of the lack of a 5’cap structure.However,some evidence has revealed that they can encode polypeptides via the internal ribosomal entry site and N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)induction and can play an important role in the biological behavior of various malignancies.Thus,in this review,using domestic and international research literature,we summarized the possible mechanisms of peptide translation by CircRNAs,assessed the functions and effects of peptide products in common malignant tumors,and discussed their possible problems and potential clinical applications.