基于水敏性城市应对的乡土策略与行为研究-以雅加达甘榜为例

Learning from Kampungs in Jakarta:Contextualising Water Sensitive Cities Principles with Community Tactics and Behaviours

历史上,受殖民主义势力的影响,印度尼西亚雅加达当地的居民被迫迁居到不太理想的土地上,那里遍布河岸、洪泛区和沼泽地等各种水敏性环境。城市在聚落的四周扩张,而多变的气候使得这些聚落易受到河流、河道和海岸的威胁。虽然水敏性城市策略已经在一定程度上成功实施,例如印度尼西亚雅加达等城市就曾有过基于社区规划和防灾体系来治理环境的历史,但是想要将水敏性城市的规划原则与设计策略真正结合起来,理解当地社区对日常生活环境的适应和管理至关重要。通过将社会文化要素与城市景观空间结构相联系,试图理解印度尼西亚地方景观中社会空间的形成过程,并将居民参与河流景观改造的日常经验与其他管理行为和过程建立联系。通过将景观作为媒介来理解这些经验和观点,能够为不同群体之间的讨论提供机会,同时也是一种综合各方意见推进雅加达水敏性城市策略实施的手段。此外还揭示了城市滨河景观社会环境治理的在地经验,基于将水敏性城市设计策略与当地社区状况结合的目标,提出了一系列的建议。

Historically,in Jakarta,Indonesia vernacular settlements were displaced as a result of colonial forces to live in less desirable land,which often consisted of watery landscapes such as riversides,flood prone and swampy lands.The city has grown around these settlements and climate variability means these settlements continue to be vulnerable to water-based threats,such as pluvial,fluvial,and coastal flooding.Although Water-Sensitive Cities(WSC)principles have been successfully implemented in some contexts,Indonesian cities,like Jakarta,have a history of community-based planning and defensive systems to manage environmental factors.To contextualise WSC principles and design strategies,it is crucial to understand how local communities have adapted to and managed conditions within daily life.By connecting socio-cultural aspects to the spatial conditions of urban landscapes,the research seeks to understand the socio-spatial processes within vernacular landscapes in Indonesia and connect residents’everyday experiences with other actors and processes involved in riverine landscape transformation.We argue that using the landscape as a medium to understand these experiences and viewpoints offers a starting point for discussion between different groups.Furthermore,it is a means to synthesise different perspectives for the application of WSC principles in Jakarta.This includes uncovering communities’knowledge regarding socio-environmental aspects of the urban riverine landscape.These findings are presented as a series of recommendations for contextualising WSC principles to vernacular neighbourhoods.