长江三角洲水管理与空间规划的整合:历史回顾与展望

Towards Integrated Water Management and Spatial Planning:Historical Review and Prospects for the Yangtze River Delta

长江三角洲城市化进程中面临着多重水风险。近几十年集中式的大型水利基础设施建设工程与严格的土地利用管控措施被广泛实施来管理洪水风险,如今面对更具适应性、生态性的解决方案的需求,这些措施受到了质疑。借鉴三角洲都市主义的理论与方法,从基质、水管理和城市化3个子系统的动态关系视角回溯长三角区域空间的历史演变,研究发现:在由重大历史事件界定的5个时期中,水管理从受制于基质条件过渡到主导城市化,再到与城市化对立,扮演了不断变化的角色;3个子系统变化速率的巨大差异是打破它们之间平衡的重要因素。这一段历史回顾为国土空间规划体系中整合水管理和空间规划提供了多学科的视角,对地方性传统水管理方法的重新认知为研发分散式的适应性水管理策略以及多尺度的空间规划和治理工具提供了参考。

The urbanizing Yangtze River Delta is facing multiple water risks.The mass centralized hydraulic infrastructure combined with strict land-use regulation that has been implemented in recent decades to manage the flood risk is,however,challenged today by the need for more adaptive and ecological solutions.This research adapts the theory and method of delta urbanism to trace the long-term historical spatial evolution of the Yangtze River Delta from the perspective of dynamic interactions among the three subsystems:substratum,water management,and urbanization.In the five phases articulated by significant historical events,water management has played a changing role in the subsystems’interactions:from being constrained to the substratum and from boosting urbanization to against urbanization.The significant difference in the change rate of the three subsystems is crucial in disturbing the balance between them.This historical review provides a multidisciplinary backdrop and perspective to integrating water management and spatial planning in the new Chinese territorial planning system.In particular,by reinterpreting local traditional water management methods,this retrospective provides a reference for the research and development of decentralized adaptive water management strategies and multiscale spatial planning and governance approaches.