我国血液透析护理人力资源配置与使用现状

Allocation and use of nursing resources in hemodialysis units in China

目的了解我国血液透析护理人力资源配置及影响因素,为血液透析护理人力资源管理提供参考。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对31省/直辖市/自治区1 208所医院共4 712名血液透析护士进行调查。结果每10例患者配备护士人数<1的医院347所(28.7%),每名护士每班次负责机器台数>5的医院有455所(37.7%)。logistic回归分析显示,地区、医院性质、月透析例次、医院等级、每名护士每班次负责机器台数是影响护士配置的主要因素(均P<0.01);每10例患者配备护士人数、月透析例次是影响每班次护士配置的主要因素(均P<0.01)。结论我国血液透析护理人力资源配置不足且每班次护理患者数量超标。建议补足护理人力及保证每个治疗班次的护理人力,以减轻护士工作压力,确保患者的透析质量和安全。

Objective To investigate the nurse staffing levels and the influencing factors in hemodialysis units in China, and to provide reference for nursing resource management.Methods A total of 4,712 hemodialysis nurses from 1,208 hospitals in 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China's Mainland filled out the self-designed questionnaire.Results Three hundred and forty-seven hospitals(28.7%) had the number of nurses per 10 patients <1, and 455 hospitals(37.7%) showed the number of machines per nurse per shift >5. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that hospital location, hospital nature, the number of dialysis treatments per month, hospital level, and the number of machines per nurse per shift were the influencing factors of nurse staffing level defined by the number of nurses per 10 patients <1 or not(P<0.01 for all). The number of nurses per 10 patients and the number of dialysis treatments per month were the main factors affecting nurse staffing level measured by the number of machines per nurse per shift >5 or not(P<0.01 for both).Conclusion Inadequate nurse staffing was seen in hemodialysis units in China, and nurses worked in excess of the standard patients. It is recommended to add more nurses and ensure nurse staffing on the shift, thus to reduce nurses′ work stress and guarantee nursing quality and patient safety.