和平心理学的经典传统与现代研究趋向

Classical Tradition and Modern Research Trends of Peace Psychology

本文讨论了不同历史时期的心理学家对和平心理的看法,以“和平”为主线,追溯和平心理学思潮兴起的历史逻辑。毕达哥拉斯、恩培多克勒、柏拉图、奥古斯丁、夸美纽斯、康德等从本体论视角,确立了实现永久和平的理想追求。冯特的民族心理学重视研究原始人、战争英雄等的和平心理品质,早期的意动心理学重视人类和平意识研究,机能心理学强调通过建设学校“微型共同体”,提高儿童的和平意识。精神分析心理学则为战争与和平心理提供了新视角。人本主义心理学主张研究人的和平潜能、致力于世界和平冲突化解,推动了和平心理学的兴起。20世纪末的和平心理学主张用和平的方式实现和平,发生了“政治道歉”、和平冲突化解、“人类命运共同体”等研究趋向。

This article aims to date back the history logic of peace psychology by discussing psychologists in different periods throughout the history of psychology and follows the peace as its research line.Philosophers Pythagoras,Empedocles,Plato,St.Augustine,Jan.Amos Comenius,and Kant proposed peace ideas on the ontology perspective.Wundt’s folk psychology stressed the study of primitive men and war heroes in order to find the peace characteristics.And Functional psychologists’peace proposals called for the micro-community at school level.Psychoanalysis provides new perspective to study war and peace.Humanistic psychology accented the peace potential of human beings and concentrated on conflict resolution in peaceful ways.Therefore,they promoted the rising of peace psychology.The peace psychology in the end of 20 century proposed peace in peace ways in three positive research trends:political apology trend,conflict resolution trend and community of common destiny for all mankind trend.