从入场、对话到合作:驻所社会工作者的实践策略研究——基于上海市Y机构驻所社会工作实践

From Admission,Dialogue to Cooperation:Research on the Practical Strategies of Resident Social Workers--Based on the Practice of SocialWork of Y Institution in Shanghai

驻所社会工作者为监所涉罪青少年开展服务,是司法社会工作服务体系的重要组成部分,对降低违法(涉罪)青少年再犯罪率起到不可或缺的作用。驻所社会工作实践进程中会遇到不少挑战,也形成不少应对策略推进了实践的发展。围绕“驻所社会工作者是如何应对服务困境,以保证专业服务顺利开展”的问题,结合上海市驻所社会工作服务模式,以场域理论为指导,以驻所社会工作者、监所民警、违法(涉罪)青少年等多元主体为研究对象,运用质性研究方法,重点分析多元主体并存时,各主体之间的互动关系所构建出的新的实践场域,及在新的实践场域下社会工作者进所服务不同阶段运用的不同实践策略。研究发现,受场域内各行动主体所拥有的资本、惯习及所处的场域位置的影响,在新的实践场域中社会工作者进所开展服务,从最初的边缘位置转变为迂回位置,最终达到稳定位置,要经历入场、对话、合作三个不同的服务阶段。为应对服务困境,社会工作者在不同的服务阶段,采取了“退而取之”的生存策略、“定中有变”的适应策略及“聚力合力”的发展策略。本研究结论对进一步思考多元主体并存下的驻所或司法社会工作专业发展有一定启示。

As an important part of the judicial social work service system,the resident social workers provide services for juveniles involved in crimes,and play an indispensable role in reducing the recidivism rate of juveniles involved in crimes.In the course of social work practice in the institute,many challenges will be encountered,and many coping strategies have been formed to promote the development of practice.To this end,based on the model of resident social work service in Shanghai and guided by field theories,this study took 8 experienced resident social workers,5 police officers in prison and 8 delinquent/crime-related adolescents who had received the services of resident social workers as the research objects.Analyzed social workers,prison police,illegal/multiple subject involving crimes teenagers coexist,the interactive relationship between different subjects will build a new field practice,and practice in the new field of social workers in prison and jail for illegal/involved crime teenagers to carry out the service,the different stages of service using different practice strategies.Study found that in the social workers into the prison field,of“one part dominated”by the original police state into a joint police offices in social workers by common crimes of illegal/teenagers to carry out the rectification work of“pluralistic coexistence”situation,of civilian police itself by public power,administrative tasks,and exists in the social workers main passive relations.Because of the unknown status of the right to be obtained in the prison,the juvenile delinquents and the social workers in the prison have the relationship of giving and receiving.The relationship between the police in the prison and the juvenile delinquents/delinquents is a simple one of management and being managed.When the diverse and complex interaction between the police,social workers and juvenile delinquents/delinquents comes into being,a new practice field is constructed.In the new practice field,the habitus and goals of the three action subjects are different,so that the field position of social workers in interaction will be adjusted according to the change of interaction relationship.According to the adjustment of the position of resident social workers in the new field of practice,this paper divides the whole service stage into admission stage,dialogue stage and cooperation stage.At each stage of service,social workers will adopt different practical strategies to deal with the difficulties they encounter,try to ensure the normal development of services,in order to bring better service for juvenile delinquents/delinquents,and help them to integrate into society and adapt to society.Social workers in the entry stage because of the“admission”decision rests in of civilian police to represent the public power in hand,in the social workers can only wait in a passive state,in the edge of the field position,by taking the administrative tasks and by the way of the theme of the activity platform to carry out the activity,in other words,the practice of the return and taking the strategy,so that their field position can gradually shift to the circuitous field position.When both sides happen,obviously changes in the relative strength of civilian police to social workers in cognition degree deepening,take the initiative to adjust field environment,give some professional development space to the embassy in social workers.On the one hand,some restrictions will still exist in professional social workers by sticking to the bottom line of service output.On the other hand,through the innovative service mode combining online and offline,and the resource regeneration mode arousing the enthusiasm of teenagers,that is,the practical strategy of“change in order”,the Field position has gradually reached a stable state.With the emergence of the professional services and capital accumulation and rituals,in the social workers and the prison police also reached consensus on the multiple services in this stage,followed by the change of objective relation network,namely the policy attachment and emotional attachment to produce,and due to the evaluation results,the challenges faced by initiative continued ascension.As a result,the social workers in the institute make up for the deficiency by establishing the mechanism of social association connection and integrating various resources to gain more activity space for the activities in the prison,namely,the development strategy of“synergy and cohesion”to deal with the emergence of emotional attachment and policy attachment.In the practice of social workers by using strategy focused on the change in the professional services of unequal power relations,through the use of the initiative of the rituals and capital of convertible to change main body,the interaction between actions to influence the field position adjustment,to ensure the professional service in the“strong”in the power relations develop smoothly.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the practice process of Shanghai resident social work service model,it is found that the practice strategy of“survival-adaptation-development”adopted by resident social workers in the new practice field with multiple subjects coexisting belongs to the practice strategy of empowerment orientation.However,to a certain extent,it will also cause the negative impact of the subjective powerless state of the delinquent/delinquent adolescents,which makes it more difficult to fit the service demand and service effectiveness,and it cannot guarantee that the practical strategies adopted by the social workers in each stage can directly enter the core field of professional services.Therefore,it is worth for more scholars to further think and explore how to improve the effectiveness of service strategies.