成渝城市群基本公共服务均等化的时空特征与成因解析

Spatial-temporal Characteristics and Causes of Equalization of Basic Public Services in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration

构建基本公共服务均等化评价指标体系,采用全局主成分分析法测算2010—2018年成渝城市群16个城市的基本公共服务均等化水平并分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)成渝城市群整体基本公共服务均等化水平逐年提高,但城际绝对差距在扩大、城际均等化水平未显著提升。(2)公共服务子系统的公共教育、医疗卫生、文化服务、环境保护、交通物流的均等化水平都显著改善,但社会保障的不均等化程度加剧。(3)空间上呈现“双核突出、中部塌陷”的结构,与城市位序规模法反映的城市等级体系不匹配。(4)经济发展水平、城镇化率和人口因素对成渝城市群基本公共服务均等化水平有显著正向影响,财政支出水平在经济发展水平和政府绩效考核等约束下对均等化的影响程度不及以上因素。

Constructing the evaluation index system of the equalization of basic public services,the global principle component analysis was used to measure the equalization level of 16 cities in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration from 2010 to 2018,with the influence factors being analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The overall equalization level of basic public services increased year by year,but the absolute gap among cities expended,and the equalization level among cities did not improved significantly.(2)The equalization levels of public education,medical and health care,cultural services,environmental protection,and transportation and logistics in basic public services improved significantly,but the degree of inequality in social security increased.(3)The spatial pattern showed the structure of‘dual-core prominent,central collapse’and did not match the urban scale system reflected in the rank-size rule of cities.(4)The level of economic development,urbanization rate and demographic factors had a significant positive impact on the equalization of basic public services in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration.The impact of fiscal expenditure on the equalization under the constraints of economic development level and government performance assessment was less than that of the above factors.